REFERENCES 
R E F E R E N C E S 
Golubev, A. (2004) Does Makeham make sense? Biogerontology, 5, 159-67. 
Hannerz, Harald. An extension of relational methods in mortality estimation, 
Demographic research- volume 4, articallO. 
Scollnok, David (1995) Simulating random variates from makeham's distribution and 
f rom others with exact or nearly log-concave densities, transactions of society of 
actuaries, vol.47. 
Henderson, Robert. (1915) Mortality laws and statistics. 1 s t ed. London: Chapmon & Hall 
Wetterstrand, Will iam. (1978)Recent mortality experience described by Gompertz's and 
Ma keham's law- including a generalization. Bell State university, Actuarial research 
clearing house, vol.2. 
Ttrachtenberg, H.L. (1978) The wider application of the Gompertz law of Mortality, 
Actuarial assistant in the statistical Department of the medical research council. 
Bassiouuny and Abdo, N.F. (2009) reliable properties of extended Makeham 
distributions. Computational methods in science and Technology 15(2), 143-149. 
Powers, Michael. (2007) human Mortality: Writ ten in the stars? Journal of Risk Finance, 
vol.8. 
Estimation of parameters of the Makeham distribution using the least squares method. 
Yue, jack. (2000) oldest-old Mortal i ty Rates and the Gompertz law: A theoretical and 
Empirical study based on four countries. Society of Actuaries. 
Greville, T.N.E. () Laws of mortality which satisfy a uniform seniority principle. 
Beard, R.E. (1959) Note on some mathematical mortality models. In: 
G.E.W.Wolstenholme and M.O'Connor (eds.).The Lifespan of Animals. Ciba Foundation 
Colloquium on Ageing. Little, Brown, Boston, 302-311. 
Mumpar, Hermosilla and Mirandilla. (2005) "Makeham-Type" Mortality Models. Society 
of Actuaries. 
Venezian, Emilio. (2008) Musings on Mortality. Journal of Risk Management Vol.10 No.3 
Nov. 2008, pp. 223-257. 
90 
REFERENCES 
Doray,Louis G. (2008) Inference for Logistic-type Models for the Force of Mortality. 
Society of Actuaries. 
Richards, S. J. (2008) Applying survival Models to pensioner mortality data.Institute of 
Actuaries. 
Willemse, W.J. and Kaas. (2006) Rational reconstruction of frailty-based mortality 
models by a generalisation of Gompertz law of mortality, Insurance: Mathematics and 
Economics. 
Bowers, Newton, Gerber, Hans, Hickman, James, Jones, Donald and Nesbitt. (1997) 
Actuarial mathematics. 1 s t ed. 
Forfar, David. Mortal i ty Laws, http://www-aths.swan.ac.uk/staff/zs/mortality laws.pdf. 
[accessed September, 2010]. 
9 1