LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF tMRATUV .^ SRI LANKA MOAATVWA P R O P O S A L F O R P R O V I D I N G P O T A B L E W A T E R R E Q U I R E M E N T S O F E M P L O Y E ' S H O U S I N G C O M P L E X O F P U T T A L A M C O A L P O W E R P R O J E C T M a s t e r o f S c i e n c e D i s s e r t a t i o n A . B . M . T . A B E Y K O O N University of Moratuwa lllllllllllllllllfflllll 102529 D e p a r t m e n t o f E l e c t r i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g U n i v e r s i t y o f M o r a t u w a , S r i L a n k a O c t o b e r 2 0 1 1 GO-1 102529 PROPOSAL FOR PROVIDING POTABLE WATER REQUIREMENTS OF EMPLOYE'S HOUSING COMPLEX OF PUTTALAM COAL POWER PROJECT TITLE OF THE PROJECT A dissertation submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by A B E Y K O O N B A S S N A Y A K E M U D I Y A N S E L A G E T H U S H A N T H A A B E Y K O O N Supervised by: Dr. J. P. KARUNADASA D e p a r t m e n t o f E lec tr ica l E n g i n e e r i n g U n i v e r s i t y o f M o r a t u w a , Sri L a n k a O c t o b e r 2011 DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work submitted in this dissertation is the result of my own investigation, except where otherwise stated. It has also not already been accepted for any degree, and is also not being concurrently submitted for any other degree. Eng. A.B.M.T. ABEYKOON, Date: 09 November, 2011 We/I endorse the declaration by the candidate. Certified by: Dr. J. P. KARUNADASA Project Supervisor, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. i ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the study of ground water availability at Karamba in Kalpitiya peninsula and hence supply of potable water requirement to the Employer's Housing Compound (EHC) rather than implementing Reverse Osmosis (RO) system. The specific objectives are, 1. To find out the reliable water source. 2. To supply sufficient and quality water in accordance with the Sri Lankan regulations. 3. How to use earth resistivity theory to predict the availability of ground water. 4. To analysis cost effectiveness ground water usage compared to RO modules. 5. To establish the reliable water supply net work to fulf i l l demand. The content in Chapter 2 provide the reader with the ground water aquifers in Sri Lanka and geomorphological and hydrogeological distribution patterns mapped for different types of aquifers. The information presented in Chapter 3, describes the fundamentals of the image survey to measure the earth resistivity and made various decision on geological parameters such as the mineral and fluid content, porosity and degree of water saturation in the rock. Actually, Electrical resistivity surveys have been used for many decades in hydrogeological, mining and geotechnical investigations. ii As human increases, fresh water demand tended to increase too. The world's water consumption rate is doubling every 20 years. Then, RO process, water is made to pass from the more concentrated one, which is the reverse of the principle of osmosis is used as new technology in the world but more energy consumed with more capital cost. Chapter 4, 5, 6 & 7 wi l l discus in more details about RO pants, pump selection, piping and costs analysis. Chapter 8 wil l explain the conclusion and future needs. in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The continuing supports and facilities provided by the University of Moratuwa to carry out this research is acknowledged with gratitude. Also, I would like to extensive acknowledge the assistance provided Ceylon Electricity Board, Puttalam Coal Power Project, Sri Lanka by providing me huge supports to convey this research study. I am very much thankful to Dr. J. P. KARUNADASA, for agreeing to be main supervisor. So, I express my sincere acknowledge to Dr. J. P. KARUNADASA for his valuable instruction and supports. I must acknowledge to Mr.Gamage from National Water Supply and Drainage Board. The supports received from DGM(LVPS), Saliya Panditharathne is highly acknowledged. Also, I would like to acknowledge colleagues in the Ceylon Electricity Board and friends in Master of Electrical Installation 2007/2008 batch for their cooperation extended in completing this thesis and their support given throughout the research period. Finally, my very special thanks go to my wife Dr. Lanka Nishanthi Liyanage Abeykoon for her continuous encouragement, patience and support during the period, I worked on this thesis. None of this would be possible i f it were not for the love and support of my wife and daughter Binudi Laknara Abeykoon. IV LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Water Source Investigation Location Site Map at Karamba 05 1.2 Water overflowing in potable state 06 1.3 The apparent resistivity pseudosection for a survey across the land at Karamba away from the EHC site on north direction are overflowing and in potable state 06 1.4 The apparent resistivity pseudosection for a survey across the land at Karamba away 1.7km from EHC site on north direction 07 1.5 The arrangement of electrodes for a 2-D electrical survey at Karamba away 1.7km from EHC site on north direction Wenner and Wenner- Schlumberger arrays. 08 2.1 Different Types of Aquifers in Sri Lanka 12 2.2 Distribution of shallow and deep groundwater abstraction points used for urban, rural and industrial zone water supply schemes 14 2.3 Distribution of Tube Well sites 16 3.1 Conventional four electrodes array to measure the subsurface resistivity 18 3.2 Equipotentials and current lines for a pair of current electrodes A and B on a homogeneous half-space 19 3.3 Electrode array configurations for resistivity measurements 20 3.4 Current Flow Pattern in Layered Media 24 3.5 The arrangement of electrodes for a 2-D electrical survey and the sequence of measurements used to build up a pseudosection 29 3.6 The arrangement of electrodes for a 2-D electrical survey at Karamba away 1.7km from EHC site on north direction Wenner and Wenner- Schlumberger arrays (see, Figure 1.4 for the relevant apparent resistivity pseudosection) 30 4.1 A schematic presentation of the reverse osmosis plant 34 5.1 Tube well (34/348) and pump house at Karamba 43 6.1 Simple pump systems 46 6.2 Elevated water tank at EHC 49 6.3 Pump house with water tank at EHC 49 v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1.1 Residential Facilities 02 1.2 SLS Drinking Standards 614:1983 Part 1 03 2.1 The amount of groundwater and its percentage 15 2.2 No. of Tube wells constructed by Water Resources Board (WRB) and National Water Supply & Drainage Board (NWS&DB) 17 3.1 Resistivity values of some common rocks, minerals and chemicals 26 4.1 RO System Components, Instrumentation and Control 36 5.1 Pumping results of tube Well 34/348 at Karamba 43 6.1 Trial calculations of pipe friction losses 47 6.2 Pipeline velocity calculation 48 7.1 Pre-Treatment System specification 51 7.2 RO Plant specification Brackish Water 51 7.3 RO Plant description for Brackish Water 51 7.4 Cost analysis of RO Plant for Brackish water 52 7.5 Inlet Water quality analysis data for Sea Water at Karamba 53 7.6 RO Plant specification for Sea Water 53 7.7 RO Plant description for Sea Water 54 7.8 Cost analysis of RO Plant for Sea Water 54 7.9 Inlet Ground Water quality analysis data at Karamba 55 7.10 Selected Specification for the Submersible Pump 56 7.11 Selection of cables 56 7.12 Cost analysis of Ground Water 57 7.13 Total Costs Summary for 20 years 58 7.14 Unit Costs of potable water Summary 58 VI Contents Declaration i Abstract ii Acknowledgement iv List of Figures v List of Tables vi 1. CHAPTER 1 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO EMPLOYER'S HOUSING COMPOUND OF PUTTALAM COAL POWER PROJECT 1 1.2 POTABLE WATER REQUIREMENT FOR THE EHC 2 1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES 3 1.4 HYDROGEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND AND INVESTIGATION AT KARAMBA AREA 4 1.5 WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS 8 1.5.1 pH VALUE 8 1.5.2 TEMPERATURE 8 1.5.3 TURBIDITY 9 1.5.4 SUSPENDED MINERALS 9 1.5.5 SALINITY 9 1.5.6 CONDUCTIVITY 10 1.5.7 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS 10 2. CHAPTER 2 11 2.1 STUDY OF GROUNDWATER IN SRI LANKA 11 2.2 PRESENT GROUNDWATER USERS AND NEEDS 13 vii 2.3 DATA AND INFORMATION ON GROUNDWATER RESOURCES CHAPTER 3 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO EARTH RESISTIVITY SURVEYS 3.2 EARTH RESISTIVITY THEORY 3.3 APPARENT RESISTIVITY 3.4 SCHLUMBERGER ARRAY 3.5 WENNER ARRAY 3.6 DIPOLE-DIPOLE ARRAY 3.7 CURRENT FLOW IN TWO LAYERED MEDIA 3.8 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GEOLOGY AND RESISTIVITY 3.8.1 INTRODUCTION TO 2-D ELECTRICAL IMAGING SURVEYS 3.8.2 FIELD SURVEY METHOD - INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE 3.8.3 FORWARD MODELING PROGRAM EXERCISE 3.9 GUIDELINES FOR DATA INVERSION 3.10 SOME FIELD EXAMPLES ON 2-D IMAGING SURVEY APPLICATION IN THE WORLD 3.10.1 LANDSLIDE - CANGKAT JERING, MALAYSIA 3.8.2 AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION - AARHUS, DENMARK CHAPTER 4 4.1 REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS PLANT 4.2 DISINFECTION 4.3 THE DISADVANTAGES OF REVERSE OSMOSIS INCLUDE 4.4 CHART SHOWING FRACTION OF THE WORLDWIDE CAPACITY OF DESALINATION PLANTS BY REGION 4.5 COST BREAKDOWN OF TYPICAL REVERSE OSMOSIS DESALINATION PLANT 4.6 THE QUESTION OF ENERGY 4.7 CHEMICAL COST 4.8 METAL COST 4.9 MEMBRANE REPLACEMENT COST CHAPTER 5 5.1 WELL HYDRAULICS AND ANALYSIS OF DISCHARGING WELL 5.2 TYPES OF PUMPING TEST 5.3 PUMPING TEST ON WELL 34/348 AT KARAMBA CHAPTER 6 6.1 PUMP SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS 6.2 FLUID PROPERTIES 6.2.1 ACIDITY/ALKALINITY (pH) AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 6.2.2 OPERATING TEMPERATURE 6.2.3 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 6.2.4 VAPOR PRESSURE 6.2.5 VISCOSITY 6.3 TYPES OF PUMPS 6.4 PIPE FRICTION LOSS CALCULATION 6.5 SELECTED SPECIFICATION OF PUPMS FOR PUMP HOUSE 7. CHAPTER 7 50 7.1 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF RO PLANT 50 7.2 DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR INLET WATER QUALITY FOR BRACKISH WATER 50 7.3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BRACKISH WATER PROPOSAL 51 7.4 COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS 52 7.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF SEA WATER PROPOSAL 53 7.6 COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR SEA WATER 54 7.7 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF GROUND WATER 55 7.8 COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR GROUND WATER 57 7.9 RESULTS ANALYSIS 58 8. CHAPTER 8 59 8.1 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE NEEDS 59 REFERENCES 60 APPENDICES 61 Annex 1 POTABLE WATER SYPPLY SYSTEM P& ID FOR EHC, AT KARAMBA 62 Annex 2 PROPOSED LAYOUT OF WATER SYPPLY SYSTEM FOR EHC 63 Annex 3 PROPOSED POTABLE WATER PIPING NETWORK FOR EHC 64 Annex 4 DESIGN OF PUMP HOUSE FOR EHC,AT KARAMBA 65 Annex 5 PUMP CHARACTERISTIC CURVE 66 Annex 6 REPORT ON CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF WATER ON 21.05.2007 67 Annex 7 TEST REPORT NO. SS 0910321 IN 2009 68 x A n n e x 8 WATER QUALITY REPORT ON 28.10.2009 70 A n n e x 9 WATER QUALITY REPORT ON 22.01.2010 71 A n n e x 10 PUMPING TEST 72 XI