• ·1 ...".... UNlVEftS'Tl Of"'ATU\\,. _ "lIb "'''''lI .--~ DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID POWER SYSTEM CONTROLLER FOR MOBILE TELECOM BASE STATIONS ~\", '..' A dissertation submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science by MALINDA KASUN LIYANAGE Supervised by: Dr. J.P. Karunadasa Department of Electrical Engineering ~ ,~G2.. \ University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka October 2011 ~ ~ rUniversity ~fM~ratuwa -. ! 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111 I 102530 102530 DECLARA TION The work submitted in this dissertation is the result of my own investigation, except where otherwise stated. It has not already been accepted for any degree, and is also not being concurrently submitted for any other degree. AvL (L --- ....~ . M.K. Liyanage Date: 31 st October 2011. I endorse the declaration by the candidate . .......J:(~~ .... Dr. lP. Karunadasa ii CONTENTS Declaration Abstract Dedication Acknowledgement List of Figures List of Tables List of Abbreviations 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Motivation 1.2.1 CAPEX and OPEX comparison 1.2.2 Cash Flow Analysis 1.2.3 Saving & ROI Calculation 1.3 Objectives of the Research 2. Design of the System 2.1 Control Parameter Identification 2.2 Development of Control Algorithm II VI VII VIII IX XI XII 1 2 4 5 7 8 9 9 10 iii 2.3 Design of the System 12 2.3.1 Equipment Arrangement/Single Line Diagram 12 2.3.2 Control System 14 2.4 System Description 17 2.4.1 PV Charge Controller 17 2.4.2 Delta DPR 2000 Rectifier 19 2.5 Simulation of Control System with Automation Studio 21 3. Implementation of the System 26 3.1 Implementation of the system 26 3.1.1 Theppanawa Site Details 26 3.1.2 Homer Simulation for Renewable Energy System Analysis 27 3.2 Bill of Materials for Developed System 31 3.3 Fabrication of the Control Panel 32 3.4 Installation and Testing at Theppanawa site 33 3.5 Performance Analysis 35 3.6 Cash Flow Analysis for Theppanawa Site 35 3.6.1 CAPEX and OPEX Comparison 36 3.6.2 Cash Flow Analysis 37 iv 3.6.3 Saving and ROI Calculations 4. Conclusion and Future Works 4.1 Conclusion 4.2 Recommendation for Future Works References Appendix A Outback MX 60, Installation, Programming & User's Manual Appendix B Delta DPR2000 Rectifier Manual 39 40 40 40 41 v Abstract Most of the telecom base stations are sited at elevated locations to get best signal propagation. If the area is isolated and away from the national grid of commercial power, it will involve higher capital investments for extending the grid to obtain commercial power, leaving the base station to be none profitable and none cost recovering. Moreover, until the grid power connection, which involves considerable time period for grid extension, base station will be required to operate with full time generator operation, further reducing the profitability of the project. As a solution, to match the remote site constraints, alternative energy systems can be considered. A power system controller has been developed which suits for telecom base stations to integrate alternative energy sources, solar and wind with the generator and the battery backup to fulfill the power requirements of base stations, which reduces the operation cost as well as Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for the base station. Installation of the controller and implementing alternative energy system at a Dialog base station, practical data were obtained which showed an operational cost saving nearly 90%.Most importantly, the calculated payback period was less than three years when compared with full time generator operation, with the practical details obtained from the operational site. vi Dedication I dedicate this dissertation to my loving parents. vii Acknowledgement First I would like to thank to Dr. lP.Karunadasa for guiding me to successfully complete this research within the time frame. As the research supervisor, he directed me to find all necessary literature and to do the research work to the standards. Then a big thank should go to Mr. P.G.R. Prasad, Head- Power System Planning and Operations, Dialog Axiata PLC, for providing me the opportunity to carry out this project and implement this system at one of the base stations at Dialog. I should thank to all the lectures of Electrical Department of University of Moratuwa, who participated for the progress revive presentations, since I could improve my design based on their fruitful comments. Finally I would like to thank all who gave me a great support even in a single word to successfully complete this research work. viii List of Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 : Saving and ROI 07 : Power System Arrangement of a Generator Powered Base Station 09 : Control System Algorithm : Equipment arrangement/Single line Diagram : Control System :Battery ChargingPattern of OutBackMX 60 : Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Operation : System Development with Automation Studio : Simulation Step 1- Activate LVR : Simulation Step 2 - De activate LVR : Simulation Step 3 - Activate HVR : Simulation Step 4 - De activate LVR, Generator Stop Timer (STPT) activates before HVR activates : TheppanawaSite GoogleMap and InstallationPhotos : Homer Simulation Results for Theppanawa Site : Monthly Average Electric Production : Door Open and Door Closed Views of the Control Panel 10 12 14/15 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26/27 27 28 32 ix Figure 17 : Initial Control System at Theppanawa Site 33 Figure 18 : Relay Output Programming 33 Figure 19 : Voltage Settings for Relay Outputs 34 Figure 20 : Battery Settings 34 Figure 21 : Saving and ROI with Practical Results 39 x List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Table 10 Table 11 Table 12 Table 13 Table 14 Table 15 : Initial Capital Cost Breakdown for Power Connection for a Remote Base Station : Operational Cost Breakdown for a Full Time Generator Operated Base Station 2 : Assumptions made in costs analysis 3 : CAPEX and OPEX Comparison for Renewable Energy Vs Full Time Generator Operation 4 : Cash Flow Analysis for Renewable Energy Vs Full Time Generator Operation 5/6 : Saving and ROI 7 : List of Symbols Used in Control Algorithm 11 : Component Description in Single Line Diagram 13 : List of Symbols Used in the Control System Drawing 16 : Power System Details for Theppanawa Site 28 : Average Power Production Details for Theppanawa Site 28 : PV Data for Theppanawa Site 29 : Generator Data for Theppanawa Site 29 : Wind Turbine Data for Theppanawa Site 30 : Battery Data for Theppanawa Site 30 . : \ t j '"'6' h. -., , " " Table 16 : Bill of Materials for Control Panel 31/32 Table 17 : Performance Analysis 35 Table 18 : CAPEX and OPEX Comparison for Theppanwa Site 36 with Renewable Energy System Vs Full Time Generator Operation Table 19 : Cash Flow Analysis Theppanawa Site for Renewable Energy 37/38 Vs Full Time Generator Operation Table 20 : Saving and ROI for Theppanwa Site 39 xii List of Abbreviations PV Photovoltaic CAPEX Capital Expenditure OPEX Operational Expenditure HT High Tension NPV Net Present Value ROI Return On Investment BTS Base Transceiver Station MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracking xiii