FARU Journal

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Browsing FARU Journal by Author "Abenayake, CC"

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    An Alternative Approach to Assess The Residential Population Resilience to Urban Flooding
    (Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2020-11) Kalpana, LDCHN; Jayasinghe, AB; Abenayake, CC; Wijayawardana, PNP
    Community resilience assessments and minimizing the anticipated disruptions to vulnerable communities, is a broad topic in disaster studies. In common practice, most of the indicator-based resilience assessment studies rely on statistical aggregation methods of tabular data collected for macro administrative units, as it is readily available in most of the countries. However, this method confronts severe drawbacks in converting such data into micro-scale geospatial units. To address those issues, this study proposes to utilize the Dasymetric Mapping Technique in the geospatial population resilience assessments, as it is capable of identifying the micro level impact to the population distribution as a pixel representation. In order to geospatially demonstrate the population exposure, the study has selected three major flooding events occurred in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The results revealed a great applicability of the proposed method as a statistical approach which estimates the exposed population by over 90% accuracy. Therefore, the proposed method is recommended to be utilized as an efficient tool of community resilience assessment as it is highly accurate in downscaling the spatial distribution of population data.
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    A Gis-Based Simulation Application To Model Surface Runoff Level In Urban Blocks.
    (Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2020-11) Wijayawardana, PNP; Abenayake, CC; ayasinghe, AB; Kalpana, LDCHN; Dias, N; Amaratunga, D; Haigh, R
    Simulation of flood inundation in urban areas longer important, given the magnitude of potential loss and disruption associated with non-river based, urban flooding. The complexity of the urban environment and lack of high-resolution topographic and hydrologic data compromise the development and implementation of models. Low impact development (LID) is technical know-how on a collection of sustainable practices that mimic natural hydrological functions including infiltration, evapotranspiration or use of surface runoff. Several studies have been carried out to discuss the impact of urbanization scenarios in reducing the urban flood risk in watershed scale in Sri Lanka. Yet, there is a gap remains in simulating the effectiveness of LID-based planning practices to reduce flood risk with the complex built form scenarios. In such a situation, this study attempts to make a significant contribution to simulate the variations of flood regulation functions under different high-intensive urban development scenarios, particularly focusing on the urban metropolitan regions. The analyses were carried out utilizing SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) which is open-source flood inundation simulation approach with the help of GIS in a more qualitative manner. The simulation results indicate that expanding built form scenarios increase the flood venerability for city functions, increasing inundation duration and LID scenarios able to reduce the surface runoff to reduce flood vulnerability at a significant level. The simulation results had been verified with the real ground situation (mean percentage change < 15.5%) which able to capture the thresholds of built form variation, as well as dynamic land uses and infrastructure supply which can be used as a tool for future planning practices and decision-making.
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    Political-Geographic Scales of Environmental Injustice: Understanding the Flood-Affected Neighbourhoods on the Banks of the Kelani River in Colombo
    (Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Perera, JKHH; Abenayake, CC
    Environmental injustice has become a detrimental reality in urbanizjngdeveloping world. Branding of communities as ‘encroachers’ due to the absence of property rights has caused insecure rights to clean air; safe dunking water and live in a safe environment. This shows that the term property rights' is mis-defined as ;right to life’. The observable small geographic extent of the problem tendsthe decision makers to recognize that as a minor issue at neighborhood pockets but the author’s reading argues such places as icebergs which cover the unseen broader geographic context. This study emphasizes how the negligence of the broader geographic context made many decision makers fail to address the burning issues exists at these vulnerable urban pockets. The research hasbeen built on the empirical evidences of two community groups which reside in frequen flood prone area as well as adjacent to a solid waste disposal site in the banks of Keleni River. This narrates the people’s attempts to obtain their right to life through continuous attempts to cope, survive and adapt to environmental injustice. The revealed complexities of political-geographic boundaries urge to rethink the urban planners' perception of the scale and in that light to offer the duly importance to the issues of environmental injustice of the poor urban settlers.
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    A Study of the spatial Form of Kalutara stown, Sri Lanka : as a unique historic process
    (Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2009-12) Abenayake, CC; Munasinghe, J
    Contemporary urban planning practice often conceptualize of urban areas as static entities which could be planned towards certain end states, and devoid of social, economic, and political context, within which the spatial form is produced and reproduced. There have been many scholarly attempts to fill in this gap. The main argument put forward in this study is that the spatial form of an urban area is not a static neutral entity, as mostly seen in planning, but a dynamic process that keeps evolving with many forces emerging from both local and global context. In addition to deliberate planning efforts, the spatial form could be changed and organized by number of external and internal agents associated with it. in view of that, this study reformulated the already known story of the evolution of Kalutara town? as a historic process, intending to explain spatial form as an evolving Phenomenon
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    A Study on the trends of rainfall and temperature patterns to identify the influence of climate variation in a coastal cities in Sri Lanka
    (Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Bandara, PKBDB; Abenayake, CC; Jayasinghe, AB; Jayasinghe, PKS
    Climate change has been universally recognized as a fundamental human development challenge in the 21st century and also it impacts both natural and built environments. Since different parts of the world have predicted to be affected by climate change in varying degrees, many of the studies are focused on climate change in global or region level. However; there is a dearth of climatological studies addressing the temporal trends in rainfall and temperature at city scale. On other hand\ recent rainfall and temperature extremes have adverse impacts on the natural and built environment of most of coastal cities in Sri Lanka. In this context this research attempted to examine trends of rainfall and temperature patterns over the last four decades in seven coastal cities (namely, Rathmalana, Hambantota, Trincomalle, Puttalam, Katunayake, Batticaloa and Galle) in Sri Lanka to understand whether thy support to claim the long-term climate change by identifying temporal trends in the rainfall and temperature during the period of 1971-2011. The findings of the study revealed average overall stations, the indices of temperature- extremes indicate warning of both daily minimum and maximum temperature between 1971 and 2011. For precipitation, most of the indices show significant changes. Relative to the changes in the total amounts, there is a very significant change in the precipitation extreme days. Accordingly, this study emphasized the need of integrating the climatic variations wisely in the urban planning can invest the capital of the country to the development rather than unnecessarily spend it on post disaster rehabilitations