Need of establishing desalination plants to mitigate water scarcity in dry zones of Sri Lanka

Abstract

This research study aims to explore the necessity of implementing desalination plants as a solution to address water scarcity in the dry zones of Sri Lanka. Water sustainability is crucial for ensuring the availability and preservation of water resources to meet the needs of current and future generations. Various innovative methods, including rainwater harvesting, irrigation efficiency, sewage water treatment, and desalination, have been employed to minimise water scarcity. Desalination, in particular, plays a vital role in meeting the growing water demands by removing salt and harmful elements from drinking water, making it safe for consumption. The primary objective of this research is to identify the specific need for desalination plants in the dry zones of Sri Lanka, while also examining the underlying reasons for water scarcity in the region. The methodology employed in this study involves template analysis, utilising data collected through expert surveys. Six experts were selected for semi-structured interviews, ensuring saturation in information gathering. The findings of this research reveal nine crucial factors that necessitate the implementation of desalination plants in the dry zones of Sri Lanka. These factors include irrigation inefficiency, groundwater depletion, the prevalence of waterborne diseases, insufficient rainwater harvesting systems, limitations in current water distribution methods, the impact of climate change, population growth, and challenges faced by industries operating in the region. The findings underscore the importance of implementing appropriate strategies to mitigate water scarcity and ensure a reliable and secure water supply for the region's present and future needs.