Abstract:
Colombo City being located in the wet zone of Sri Lanka cannot be considered a
water-stressed area. However there is an ever-increasing demand for drinking water
supply, due to the increase in population and the rapid development of the area.
Colombo City receives 66mgd of treated water but the records could account for
revenue only 30.48mgd and 8mgd as free, thus showing a gross Unaccounted For
Water (1FW) percentage of 42. Colombo City also recorded one of the highest
percentages of Non Revenue Water (54%) in the region mainly due to the
deteriorated distribution system and associated problems. Most of the pipelines in
the distribution system are encrusted and experience frequent leakages which
resulted in low pressure zones. This situation created consumer dissatisfaction and
development restriction in the city. In this thesis, the author discusses the benefits of
NRW reduction the selection of appropriate methodology for water loss
management and shows how such benefits can be achieved by applying the
developed methodologies to a pilot area of the city.
The Author obtained knowledge of various methods by reviewing of case studies
and research papers from various countries seminars and donor agencies. An
analysis of the Colombo City Water Distribution System showed that 67.6% of pipes
comprised with more than 60 years old. encrusted CI pipes and the major factors
contributing to NRW are leakages, illegal consumption free water supply and
administration losses such as estimated bills water meter errors, human errors etc.
Under the pilot scale study, initially the main causes of NRW were identified and
more attention was paid to the most significant causes. After studying various
strategies "part to whole method was selected as more appropriate to reduce NRW
in the pilot area. Accordingly small areas or road stretches were isolated and causes
that create NRW were reduced. Implementation of this exercise to cover the entire
pilot area helped to reduce NRW by a considerable quantity.
In addition to the above pilot scale study further studies were made via IWA water
loss management concepts distribution management decentralization and integrated
water loss management concepts, economical water loss management with or
without smaller diameter deteriorated pipe replacement and improved hydraulics in
large pipes preventive maintenance of distribution system and finally target setting
for achievement of millennium development goals etc.
After implementation of this exercise on water loss management, it shows that fixing
of responsibility with proper directions and commitment interest with awareness of
all staff members top to bottom is importanl,to ensure positive results and to provide
reliable and customer satisfactory service.
The aim of the research was to develop appropriate method with strategic framework
for water loss management. The method adopted for water loss management is
different from country to country city to city and place to place depending on
factors such as the condition of infrastructur:maintenance practices resource
availability and institutional frame work etc. The shor and long term strategies
developed for water loss management for Colombo City could be applied Q similar
cities in developing countries.
