Prototyping a coating based on ancient technology: a case study in Sigiriya, Sri Lanka

Abstract

This paper presents a study on prototyping a coating based on ancient technology, specifically focusing on the techniques used in Sigiriya, an ancient rock fortress located in Sri Lanka. Sigiriya stands out for its remarkable paintings and innovative hydraulic systems, emblematic of an advanced ancient civilisation. Through an interdisciplinary approach merging archaeology, materials science, and chemistry, this research seeks to understand and replicate the coatings found on the Sigiriya paintings. By analysing the composition and properties of these coatings, a modern prototype was developed that mirrors the characteristics of the ancient coatings, offering insights into their longevity and preservation methods. The experimental emphasis of the research is on the production of a natural surface coating utilising wood apple gum and other natural extracts. The methods included coating formulation, application, and testing. There were five treatments in the study, each with different ratios (20%,40%,50%,60%, and 80%) of wood apple (Limonia acidissima) gum, Dorana (Dipterocarpus glandulosus) oil, sesame (Sesamum indicum)oil and Haldummala (Trachylobium verrucosum) mixes. This investigation explored the basic performance properties of coatings, looking closely at water resistance, viscosity, adhesion, pH levels, and aesthetic appeal. However, in treatment T1, the ratio of 20:80 of water: Dorana oil exhibited exceptional adhesion properties and displayed the maximum hardness level (8H). Some treatments also showcased promising indications of water resistance. The findings of this study hold the potential to significantly impact various sectors by providing eco-friendly alternatives, fostering innovation, creating cultural business prospects, and upholding traditional values.