O2E2: A framework for evolving cost estimation in BIM workflow

Abstract

This study proposes a novel framework and workflow, termed Object-Oriented Evolutionary Estimating (O2E2), for integrating cost estimation with Building Information Modelling (BIM). An inductive approach to theory, informed by a systematic literature review, was adopted to synthesise the knowledge necessary to develop the proposed framework. The developed O2E2 framework facilitates data exchange using Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and enables the generation of evolving cost estimates through the design and construction process as BIM information evolves through different Levels of Detail (LOD). The framework separates elemental and construction operations cost estimation for improved accuracy and integrates cost estimates with project schedules via Object-to-Schedule Maps to facilitate comprehensive cost views within the BIM workflow. It relies on a single Model View Definition (MVD) within IFC for data exchange between cost-estimating software and other BIM tools. The framework adopts an agile approach, treating cost estimation at each LOD as a sprint within the overall workflow. Building on existing knowledge, this study presents a promising approach for BIM-based cost estimation, enabling more informed decision-making through the design and construction phases. Future research should focus on validating the framework through practical applications and evaluating its key components in individual studies.