Financing scheme for the transit-oriented development projects in Indonesia

Abstract

Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is expected to increase public use of mass transportation and reduce private vehicle usage. However, its development entails a high financial investment. This paper determines a financing scheme to boost private sector investment in TOD projects, considering the TODs in Indonesia’s Jabodebek Light Rail Transi (LRT) as the case study. Simulation of cost-sharing scenarios between public and private sectors was simulated to form the financing scheme, along with the benchmarking study to establish the institutional scheme. The findings reveal that an optimal Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 14.92%, indicates that the project is financially viable. The optimal distribution of initial cost, operational and maintenance cost, and revenue incurred to the private sector are 39.86%, 66.02%, and 72.02%, respectively. The government is responsible for developing and operating the proposed institutional scheme's LRT and other supporting infrastructure, while the private sector handles the development and operation of TOD mixed-used properties.