Satellite image band ratio techniques for identifying and visualizing minerals exposure zones in the Kandy district, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Recent scientific studies are anticipating the development of novel, expeditious, and dependable methodologies for mineral exploration. This emerging need arises from the extensive depletion of major valuable mineral deposits in easily accessible regions. Furthermore, contemporary exploration strategies are increasingly focused on locating deeper mineral deposits in geologically complex and challenging terrains, where accessibility is significantly constrained [1], [2].Geophysical methodologies comprise a range of techniques utilized to acquire insights into the subsurface properties of the Earth. These methods facilitate the acquisition of data from considerable depths, with verification achieved through borehole core sampling [1]. Additionally, remote sensing data can offer valuable insights such as surface material composition and rock types, particularly in areas where vegetation cover is not comprehensive during the reconnaissance surveys [3]. Remote sensing data, including both multispectral and hyper spectral imagery used for mineral exploration does not serve as a replacement for ground truth data, but rather complements it by providing additional information about the region of interest [1],[2],[4]. The identification of potential mineral deposits is facilitated by the examination of available geological data, which includes observations such as specific mineral occurrences within distinct rock types, the distribution of geological structural features, significant alteration zones, deposits forms with high-temperature zones and hydrothermally altered areas [1], [5]. At a regional scale, diverse lithological features such as the textural properties of igneous and sedimentary rocks, structural configurations, and vegetation patterns can be effectively detected through remote sensing. These observations are instrumental in elucidating the geological and ecological framework of an area, thereby contributing to a comprehensive understanding of its natural environment. Integrating remote sensing with field observations and geospatial technologies provides a comprehensive view of landscapes, enhancing geological accuracy and supporting sustainable development. This approach aids informed land use planning and resource management, promoting efficient and sustainable natural resource utilization.