A Comparative analysis of the cognitive differences in wayfinding among local and internally migrant students in urban environments: a trip from BUET campus to Dhaka new market

Abstract

Urban design is the art of creating spaces that are high-quality, sustainable, and appealing for living, working, and relaxing. Effective urban design ensures legibility, aiding people in navigating their environment. By incorporating wayfinding studies in urban place-making, we can create inclusive spaces that are not only functional and efficient but also enjoyable and safe for everyone. With many students migrating to Dhaka city from various parts of Bangladesh for higher education and job opportunities, this research examines the differences in cognitive abilities between local and internal migrant students in perceiving the city. The study targets first-year students from the Department of Architecture at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), using detailed questionnaire survey, inter-place distance judgment, and sketch map analysis. Utilizing Kevin Lynch’s five elements as a framework, the research identifies the extent of different urban elements helping both the groups enhancing their spatial cognition and facilitating unrestricted movement. Results reveal significant differences in mental mapping between locals and newcomers. This study provides valuable insights for urban designers, helping them develop design guidelines to create a legible city that meets the needs of both residents and newcomers.