Database correlation for GSM location in outdoor and indoor environments

Abstract

Accurately estimating the location of a Mobile Station is a key requirement to effectively provide a wide range of Location Based Services over mobile network. Since the mobile phone has become a common device in today's society, location based services are very popular among cellular subscribers. Hence developing cellular positioning techniques has been a key research problem and numerous localization solutions have been proposed. These include technologies such as Cell ID, angle and time of arrival methods and fingerprinting methods.// This thesis presents fingerprinting based positioning techniques suitable for different outdoor and indoor environments. Thus multiple positioning techniques are proposed, implemented and evaluated for different environments. Three outdoor trials in areas falls under urban, suburban and rural areas and two indoor trials in two nuiti storey buildings were used for evaluation. The ultimate solution proposed in this thesis is not a single positioning technique; rather it presents several positioning techniques that achieve optimum performance in each test environment.// This thesis proposes a novel fingerprint collection process for outdoor positioning and introduces a more accurate correlation algorithm. This thesis reports 67% positioning error as 12 n, 299 r and 221 l for urban, suburban and rural areas respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed positioning methods achieve accuracy far better than Cell-ID and trilateration approaches for the tested network environments especially for rural area. The 67 % positioning error for rural area is IC45 t and 1386 n with basic Cell-ID and trilateration techniques while proposed fingerprinting based technique reports 67% positioning error as 221 m.// With indoor positioning this thesis reports 50% positioning error as 20.5m and 8.7m for the selected two buildings. Also it was possible to accurately differentiate between floors in these multi storey buildings. Results achieved for Building 2 is reasonable when compared with the results reported in a similar study by Ve jc Otsason et ii (2005).