The planning, management, and operation of transportation systems requires sophisticated modeling tools that closely reflect reality (Ortuzar and Willumsen, 1994), so that the cost and benefits of different scenarios and options can be effectively and efficiently evaluated. In the past decade, new approaches have been developed to augment and improve the components of existing platforms and to seek new modeling paradigms. It is timely to take stock of what has been developed so far and to provide a preview of what lies ahead. This special issue is a collection of advanced papers that were presented at the International Conference on the Application of Information and Communication Technology in Transport Systems in Developing Countries, which was held in Sri Lanka from 5 to 7 August 2004. These papers cover some of the most recent modeling advances in the planning, management, and operation of transportation systems.