Abstract:
This paper reports the biogas production from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) grown under different nitrogen
concentrations of 1-fold [28 mg/L of total nitrogen (TN)], 2-fold, 1/2-fold, 1/4-fold and 1/8-fold and plants harvested from a polluted
water body. This studywas carried out for a period of 4 months at ambient mesophilic temperatures of 30.3–31.3◦Cusing six 3-barreled
batch-fed reactors with the innermost barrel (45 L) being used as the digester. There was no marked variation in the C/N ratios of the
plants cultured under different nitrogen concentrations. The addition of fresh cow dung having a low C/N of 8 resulted in a significant
reduction in the C/N ratios of the water hyacinth substrates. However, gas production commenced 3 days after charging the reactors
and gas production rates peaked in 4–7 days. The volatile solids (VS) degradation and gas production patterns manifested that in
conventional single-stage batch digesters acidogenesis and methanogenesis ofwater hyacinth requires a retention time of around 27–30
days and 27–51 days, respectively. Substrates in the f-1 digester (i.e., the digester containing plants grown under 28 TN mg/L) having
the lowest VS content of 45.3 g/L with a highest C/N ratio of 16 showed fairly higher gas production rates consistently (10–27 days)
with higher gas yields containing around 50–65% of CH4 (27–51 days). Moreover the highest overall VS (81.7%) removal efficiencies
were reported from the f-1 digester. Fairly higher gas production rates and gas yields with fairly higher CH4 contents were also noticed
from the f-2 digester containing substrates having a C/N of 14 and f-out digester (containing the plants harvested from the polluted
water body) having the lowest C/N ratio of 9.7 with a fairly high VS content of 56 g/L. CH4 production was comparatively low in the
f-1/8, f-1/4 and f-1/2 digesters having VS rich substrates with varying C/N ratios.We conclude that water hyacinth could be utilized
for biogas production irrespective of the fact that the plants are grown under higher or lower nitrogen concentrations and that there
is no necessity for the C/N ratio to be within the optimum range of 20–32 required for anaerobic digestion. Further it is concluded
that several biochemical characteristics of the substrates significantly influences biogas production besides the C/N ratio.
