The long-term vision of all nanotechnologists has been the fabrication of a wider range of materials and products with atomic precision. However, experts in the field have had strong differences of opinion on how rapidly this will occur. It is uncontroversial that expanding the scope of atomic precision will dramatically improve high-performance technologies of all kinds, from medicine, sensors, and displays to materials and solar power. Applying Moore’s law it is reasonable to assume all this will happen in the next 15 years or less [1]. Nanotechnology is considered to be the fifth industrial revolution. Unlike any other industrial revolution, its benefits are likely to reach a major portion of the inhabitants of the planet since many nations share a common market driven capitalist economic structure. Experts around the globe agree that we have tipped the scale of population vs. resources, probably for all time, and the balance of resources and their use is no longer in our favor [2]. , in April 2005, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment carried out by the United Nations [1] indicated that “...the ability of ecosystems to sustain future generations can no longer be taken for granted.” In spite of the pervasive economic notion that technology will allow further production gains, accessible global oil production is estimated to have peaked. By 2020 the Middle East will control 83% of global oil supplies, and by 2070, there may be no more cost effective oil supplies available [3,4]. About 75% of the existing prescription drugs in the United States are synthetic [5], and for the remaining 25% derived from nature, they too rely on organic solvents (made from poetroleum) for their extraction and purification. From where will the medicinal agents of the future be derived as the living biomaterials are depleted and the global competition for oil increases on a daily basis? Therefore, we cannot be satisfied scientific discoveries based on non-renewable resources. It is becoming increasingly important to know the outcome of the products of a process at the end of their life time. Today, we are more aware that the innovations we come up with must not destroy the fundamentals that sustain the entire ecosystem including the humans.