53 REFERENCES [1] Wikipedia, "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.," [Online]. Available: Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.. [Accessed 10 10 2015]. [2] L. T. Rekhter Y, A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4).Request For Comments 1771, Internet Engineering Task Force, 1995. [3] mobileapps, "http://mobileapps.gov.kn/?q=node/14," [Online]. Available: http://mobileapps.gov.kn/?q=node/14. [Accessed 10 10 2015]. [4] http://www.itcertnotes.com, "http://www.itcertnotes.com/2012/01/bgp- message-types.html," [Online]. Available: http://www.itcertnotes.com/2012/01/bgp-message-types.html. [Accessed 10 10 2015]. [5] R. J. Caesar M, "BGP Routing Policies in ISP Networks," Network, IEEE, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 5-11, 2005. [6] H. G. M. E. Andrew T. C, "A Survey of Programmable Networks," SIGCOMM Comput. Communication, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 7-23, 1999. [7] J. ,. R. R. Alzate, "Evaluation of improvement proposals for Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)," Communications Conference (COLCOM), pp. 1-6, 2012. [8] "Optimal Configuration for BGP Route Selection," INFOCOM 2003. Twenty- Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications. IEEE Societies, vol. 2, pp. 916-926, 2003. [9] "Inbound Traffic Load Balancing in BGP Multi-homed Stub Networks," Distributed Computing Systems, 2008. ICDCS '08. The 28th International Conference, pp. 369-376, 2008. [10] B. J. Nieto-Hipolito J.I, "On the Geographical Properties of BGP," High Performance Switching and Routing, pp. 221-226, 2003. [11] M. T. M. Jarraya Y, "A Survey and a Layered Taxonomy of Software-Defined Networking," Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1955- 1980, 2014. 54 APPENDIX -1 Table 16: List of Country Codes COUNTRY COUNTRY CODE ISO CODES Afghanistan 93 AF / AFG Albania 355 AL / ALB Algeria 213 DZ / DZA American Samoa 1-684 AS / ASM Andorra 376 AD / AND Angola 244 AO / AGO Anguilla 1-264 AI / AIA Antarctica 672 AQ / ATA Antigua and Barbuda 1-268 AG / ATG Argentina 54 AR / ARG Armenia 374 AM / ARM Aruba 297 AW / ABW Australia 61 AU / AUS Austria 43 AT / AUT Azerbaijan 994 AZ / AZE Bahamas 1-242 BS / BHS Bahrain 973 BH / BHR Bangladesh 880 BD / BGD Barbados 1-246 BB / BRB Belarus 375 BY / BLR Belgium 32 BE / BEL Belize 501 BZ / BLZ Benin 229 BJ / BEN Bermuda 1-441 BM / BMU Bhutan 975 BT / BTN Bolivia 591 BO / BOL 55 Bosnia and Herzegovina 387 BA / BIH Botswana 267 BW / BWA Brazil 55 BR / BRA British Indian Ocean Territory 246 IO / IOT British Virgin Islands 1-284 VG / VGB Brunei 673 BN / BRN Bulgaria 359 BG / BGR Burkina Faso 226 BF / BFA Burundi 257 BI / BDI Cambodia 855 KH / KHM Cameroon 237 CM / CMR Canada 1 CA / CAN Cape Verde 238 CV / CPV Cayman Islands 1-345 KY / CYM Central African Republic 236 CF / CAF Chad 235 TD / TCD Chile 56 CL / CHL China 86 CN / CHN Christmas Island 61 CX / CXR Cocos Islands 61 CC / CCK Colombia 57 CO / COL Comoros 269 KM / COM Cook Islands 682 CK / COK Costa Rica 506 CR / CRI Croatia 385 HR / HRV Cuba 53 CU / CUB Curacao 599 CW / CUW Cyprus 357 CY / CYP Czech Republic 420 CZ / CZE Democratic Republic of the Congo 243 CD / COD Denmark 45 DK / DNK 56 Djibouti 253 DJ / DJI Dominica 1-767 DM / DMA Dominican Republic 1-809 DO / DOM East Timor 670 TL / TLS Ecuador 593 EC / ECU Egypt 20 EG / EGY El Salvador 503 SV / SLV Equatorial Guinea 240 GQ / GNQ Eritrea 291 ER / ERI Estonia 372 EE / EST Ethiopia 251 ET / ETH Falkland Islands 500 FK / FLK Faroe Islands 298 FO / FRO Fiji 679 FJ / FJI Finland 358 FI / FIN France 33 FR / FRA French Polynesia 689 PF / PYF Gabon 241 GA / GAB Gambia 220 GM / GMB Georgia 995 GE / GEO Germany 49 DE / DEU Ghana 233 GH / GHA Gibraltar 350 GI / GIB Greece 30 GR / GRC Greenland 299 GL / GRL Grenada 1-473 GD / GRD Guam 1-671 GU / GUM Guatemala 502 GT / GTM Guernsey 44-1481 GG / GGY Guinea 224 GN / GIN Guinea-Bissau 245 GW / GNB 57 Guyana 592 GY / GUY Haiti 509 HT / HTI Honduras 504 HN / HND Hong Kong 852 HK / HKG Hungary 36 HU / HUN Iceland 354 IS / ISL India 91 IN / IND Indonesia 62 ID / IDN Iran 98 IR / IRN Iraq 964 IQ / IRQ Ireland 353 IE / IRL Isle of Man 44-1624 IM / IMN Israel 972 IL / ISR Italy 39 IT / ITA Ivory Coast 225 CI / CIV Jamaica 1-876 JM / JAM Japan 81 JP / JPN Jersey 44-1534 JE / JEY Jordan 962 JO / JOR Kazakhstan 7 KZ / KAZ Kenya 254 KE / KEN Kiribati 686 KI / KIR Kosovo 383 XK / XKX Kuwait 965 KW / KWT Kyrgyzstan 996 KG / KGZ Laos 856 LA / LAO Latvia 371 LV / LVA Lebanon 961 LB / LBN Lesotho 266 LS / LSO Liberia 231 LR / LBR Libya 218 LY / LBY 58 Liechtenstein 423 LI / LIE Lithuania 370 LT / LTU Luxembourg 352 LU / LUX Macao 853 MO / MAC Macedonia 389 MK / MKD Madagascar 261 MG / MDG Malawi 265 MW / MWI Malaysia 60 MY / MYS Maldives 960 MV / MDV Mali 223 ML / MLI Malta 356 MT / MLT Marshall Islands 692 MH / MHL Mauritania 222 MR / MRT Mauritius 230 MU / MUS Mayotte 262 YT / MYT Mexico 52 MX / MEX Micronesia 691 FM / FSM Moldova 373 MD / MDA Monaco 377 MC / MCO Mongolia 976 MN / MNG Montenegro 382 ME / MNE Montserrat 1-664 MS / MSR Morocco 212 MA / MAR Mozambique 258 MZ / MOZ Myanmar 95 MM / MMR Namibia 264 NA / NAM Nauru 674 NR / NRU Nepal 977 NP / NPL Netherlands 31 NL / NLD Netherlands Antilles 599 AN / ANT New Caledonia 687 NC / NCL 59 New Zealand 64 NZ / NZL Nicaragua 505 NI / NIC Niger 227 NE / NER Nigeria 234 NG / NGA Niue 683 NU / NIU North Korea 850 KP / PRK Northern Mariana Islands 1 MP / MNP Norway 47 NO / NOR Oman 968 OM / OMN Pakistan 92 PK / PAK Palau 680 PW / PLW Palestine 970 PS / PSE Panama 507 PA / PAN Papua New Guinea 675 PG / PNG Paraguay 595 PY / PRY Peru 51 PE / PER Philippines 63 PH / PHL Pitcairn 64 PN / PCN Poland 48 PL / POL Portugal 351 PT / PRT Puerto Rico 1 PR / PRI Qatar 974 QA / QAT Republic of the Congo 242 CG / COG Reunion 262 RE / REU Romania 40 RO / ROU Russia 7 RU / RUS Rwanda 250 RW / RWA Saint Barthelemy 590 BL / BLM Saint Helena 290 SH / SHN Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 KN / KNA Saint Lucia 1 LC / LCA 60 Saint Martin 590 MF / MAF Saint Pierre and Miquelon 508 PM / SPM Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 VC / VCT Samoa 685 WS / WSM San Marino 378 SM / SMR Sao Tome and Principe 239 ST / STP Saudi Arabia 966 SA / SAU Senegal 221 SN / SEN Serbia 381 RS / SRB Seychelles 248 SC / SYC Sierra Leone 232 SL / SLE Singapore 65 SG / SGP Sint Maarten 1 SX / SXM Slovakia 421 SK / SVK Slovenia 386 SI / SVN Solomon Islands 677 SB / SLB Somalia 252 SO / SOM South Africa 27 ZA / ZAF South Korea 82 KR / KOR South Sudan 211 SS / SSD Spain 34 ES / ESP Sri Lanka 94 LK / LKA Sudan 249 SD / SDN Suriname 597 SR / SUR Svalbard and Jan Mayen 47 SJ / SJM Swaziland 268 SZ / SWZ Sweden 46 SE / SWE Switzerland 41 CH / CHE Syria 963 SY / SYR Taiwan 886 TW / TWN Tajikistan 992 TJ / TJK 61 Tanzania 255 TZ / TZA Thailand 66 TH / THA Togo 228 TG / TGO Tokelau 690 TK / TKL Tonga 676 TO / TON Trinidad and Tobago 1 TT / TTO Tunisia 216 TN / TUN Turkey 90 TR / TUR Turkmenistan 993 TM / TKM Turks and Caicos Islands 1 TC / TCA Tuvalu 688 TV / TUV U.S. Virgin Islands 1 VI / VIR Uganda 256 UG / UGA Ukraine 380 UA / UKR United Arab Emirates 971 AE / ARE Uzbekistan 998 UZ / UZB Vanuatu 678 VU / VUT Vatican 379 VA / VAT Venezuela 58 VE / VEN Vietnam 84 VN / VNM Wallis and Futuna 681 WF / WLF Western Sahara 212 EH / ESH Yemen 967 YE / YEM Zambia 260 ZM / ZMB Zimbabwe 263 ZW / ZWE Source: https://countrycode.org/ 62 APPENDIX-2 Table 17: Reserved IP blocks Address block (CIDR) Number of Addresses Scope Purpose 0.0.0.0/8 16,777,216 software Used for broadcast messages to the current ("this") network as specified by RFC 1700, page 4. 10.0.0.0/8 16,777,216 private network Used for local communications within a private network as specified by RFC 1918. 100.64.0.0/10 4,194,304 private network Used for communications between a service provider and its subscribers when using a Carrier-grade NAT, as specified by RFC 6598. 127.0.0.0/8 16,777,216 host Used for loopback addresses to the local host, as specified by RFC 990. 169.254.0.0/16 65,536 subnet Used for link-local addresses between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server, as specified by RFC 3927. 172.16.0.0/12 1,048,576 private network Used for local communications within a private network as specified by RFC 1918 192.0.0.0/24 256 private network Used for the IANA IPv4 Special Purpose Address Registry as specified by RFC 5736 192.0.2.0/24 256 documentation Assigned as "TEST-NET" in RFC 5737 for use solely in documentation and example source code and should not be used publicly. 63 192.88.99.0/24 256 Internet Used by 6to4 anycast relays as specified by RFC 3068. 192.168.0.0/16 65,536 private network Used for local communications within a private network as specified by RFC 1918. 198.18.0.0/15 131,072 private network Used for testing of inter-network communications between two separate subnets as specified in RFC 2544. 198.51.100.0/24 256 documentation Assigned as "TEST-NET-2" in RFC 5737 for use solely in documentation and example source codeand should not be used publicly. 203.0.113.0/24 256 documentation Assigned as "TEST-NET-3" in RFC 5737 for use solely in documentation and example source codeand should not be used publicly. 224.0.0.0/4 268,435,456 Internet Reserved for multicast assignments as specified in RFC 5771. 233.252.0.0/24 is assigned as "MCAST-TEST-NET" for use solely in documentation and example source code. 240.0.0.0/4 268,435,455 n/a Reserved for future use, as specified by RFC 6890. 255.255.255.255/32 1 n/a Reserved for the "limited broadcast" destination address, as specified by RFC 6890. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserved_IP_addresses