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Zhou, J., Ma, L., Liu, Q., Zhang, L., Yu, Y., 2006, Minerva: A Scalable OWL Ontology Storage and Inference System. In Proceedings of the 1st Asian Semantic Web Conference, volume 4185 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 429-443, Springer. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187384.aspx?f=255&MSPPError=-2147217396 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187384.aspx?f=255&MSPPError=-2147217396 http://www.arabnews.com/node/272102 62 47. Martinez-Cruz, C., Ignacio, J. Blanco,M. Amparo Vila, Ontologies versus relational databases: are they so different? A comparison, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011. 48. Zachary Elkinsa, James Meltonb, Tom Ginsburgc, Constitute: The World's Constitutions to Read, Search, and Compare, Journal of Web Semantics, 2013. 49. Fernández López, M., Overview Of Methodologies For Building Ontologies, IJCAI-99 workshop on Ontologies and Problem-Solving Methods (KRR5) Stockholm, Sweden, August 2, 1999. 50. Law Lanka, A-Z guide to Laws of Sri Lanka and Reported Cases, http://www.lawlanka.com/, Accessed on 2015-03-12. 51. Ranasinghe, R., Perera, S., Gammanpila, U.P., De Silva, H., Wada Pitiya, Derana Televsion, Producer Sanka Amarajith De Silva, 2015-06-17 10:30PM – 12:00 AM. 52. Zhai, C.X., Week 1: NLP, Text Representation, and Word Association Mining, Text Mining and Analytics, Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign., www.coursera.org. 53. Poole D., Soundex - Experiments with SQL CLR, SQLServerCentral.com, http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Programming/101836/, 2013/09/12, Accessed on 2015/06/12. 54. Poole, D., Soundex - Experiments with SQLCLR Part 2, SQLServerCentral.com, http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/soundex/120628/,, 2014/12/30, Accessed on 2015/06/12. http://www.lawlanka.com/ http://www.coursera.org/ http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Programming/101836/ http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/soundex/120628/ 63 Appendix A Script to Retrieve Simple Search SELECT C.ChapterNumber ,C.ChapterName ,D.Subsection_ID ,D.Subsection ,D.Details FROM [dbo].[Constitute_Details] D INNER JOIN [dbo].[Constitute_Chapters] C ON D.ChapterID = C.ChapterNumber WHERE CONTAINS (Details, 'religion') GO SELECT C.ChapterNumber ,C.ChapterName ,D.Subsection_ID ,D.Subsection ,D.Details FROM [dbo].[Constitute_Details] D INNER JOIN [dbo].[Constitute_Chapters] C ON D.ChapterID = C.ChapterNumber WHERE CONTAINS (Details, 'religion AND caste') GO SELECT C.ChapterNumber ,C.ChapterName ,D1.Subsection_ID ,D1.Subsection ,D1.Details FROM [dbo].[Constitute_Details] D1 INNER JOIN [dbo].[Constitute_Chapters] C ON D1.ChapterID = C.ChapterNumber WHERE FREETEXT (Details, 'religion') GO SELECT KL.RANK ,FL.Subsection ,FL.Subsection ,FL.Details FROM [dbo].[Constitute_Details] AS FL INNER JOIN FREETEXTTABLE([dbo].[Constitute_Details] , Details, 'religion') AS KL ON FT_TBL.Subsection_ID = KL.[KEY] ORDER BY KL.RANK DESC GO SELECT * 64 FROM Constitute_Details AS FT_TBL INNER JOIN FREETEXTTABLE (Constitute_Details, Details, '(language NEAR religion)' ) AS KL ON FT_TBL.Subsection_ID = KL.[KEY] WHERE KL.RANK > 2 ORDER BY KL.RANK DESC; GO 65 Appendix B Code to Get Question Type CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_get_questiontype] ( @question VARCHAR(max) ) RETURNS VARCHAR(15) BEGIN DECLARE @questiontype VARCHAR(15), @finalQuestion VARCHAR(15), @lngthstring INT; DECLARE @commansepques VARCHAR(max) DECLARE @T TABLE (words VARCHAR(50)) INSERT INTO @T VALUES ('Does'),('Who'),('What'),('Are') ,('Do'),('Is'), ('When'),('Which') ,('Whose'),('Can'), ('Should'),('Was') SET @questiontype = SUBSTRING(@question,1, CHARINDEX(' ' ,@question)-1) IF @questiontype = ANY(SELECT words from @t) SET @finalQuestion = @questiontype ELSE BEGIN IF ((@questiontype = 'How') OR (@questiontype = 'Under') OR (@questiontype = 'For') OR (@questiontype = 'By') OR (@questiontype = 'To') OR (@questiontype = 'In') OR (@questiontype = 'At')) AND CHARINDEX(',',@question,1) = 0 BEGIN SET @lngthstring = LEN(@questiontype) SET @finalQuestion = @questiontype + ' ' + SUBSTRING(@question,@lngthstring+2, CHARINDEX(' ' ,@question,@lngthstring+2) - @lngthstring - 1) END ELSE IF CHARINDEX(',',@question,1) > 0 BEGIN SET @commansepques = LTRIM(SUBSTRING (@question, CHARINDEX(',',@question,1) + 1, LEN(@question) - CHARINDEX(',',@question,1)- 1 )) SET @questiontype = SUBSTRING(@commansepques,1, CHARINDEX(' ' ,@commansepques)-1) IF @questiontype = ANY(SELECT words FROM @t) 66 SET @finalQuestion = @questiontype ELSE BEGIN IF (@questiontype = 'How') OR (@questiontype = 'Under') OR (@questiontype = 'For') OR (@questiontype = 'By') OR (@questiontype = 'To') OR (@questiontype = 'In') OR (@questiontype = 'At') BEGIN SET @lngthstring = LEN(@questiontype) SET @finalQuestion = @questiontype + ' ' + SUBSTRING(@commansepques,@lngthstring+2, CHARINDEX(' ' ,@commansepques,@lngthstring+2) - @lngthstring - 1) END ELSE BEGIN SET @questiontype = SUBSTRING(@question,1, CHARINDEX(' ' ,@question)-1) SET @lngthstring = LEN(@questiontype) SET @finalQuestion = @questiontype + ' ' + SUBSTRING(@question,@lngthstring+2, CHARINDEX(' ' ,@question,@lngthstring+2) - @lngthstring - 1) END END END IF @finalQuestion = 'In How' SET @finalQuestion = 'In how many' END RETURN @finalQuestion END 67 Appendix C Code to Find Similar Question CREATE PROC [dbo].[usp_Find_Similar_Question] @Question Varchar(150) , @n int = 0.5 AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON DECLARE @Q_CD FLOAT DECLARE @Question_Type VARCHAR(50), @Question_Question_Type VARCHAR(50) DECLARE @Question_ID INT, @Question_Type_Ranking INT DECLARE @RecCount INT DECLARE @Term VARCHAR(100), @Description varchar(150) DECLARE @NewQuestion VARCHAR(MAX) CREATE TABLE #Que (Term VARCHAR(100), Frequency INT, Soundex_Value varchar(10), IDF FLOAT, TFIDF FLOAT) CREATE TABLE #FirstQue (Term VARCHAR(100), Soundex_Value varchar(10) ) INSERT INTO #FirstQue (Term,Soundex_Value) SELECT value,SOUNDEX(value) FROM ( SELECT value,Count(1) TF FROM [dbo].[SplitWords](@Question) WHERE value NOT IN (SELECT Term FROM ExcludedTerms) GROUP BY value ) P SELECT Term,b.[Description] INTO #Temp1 FROM #FirstQue a INNER JOIN Abbrivations b ON A.Term = b.Abbrivation WHERE Soundex_Value NOT IN (SELECT Soundex_Value FROM GlobalTerms ) 68 SELECT @RecCount = COUNT(1) FROM #Temp1 SET @NewQuestion = @Question WHILE (@RecCount > 0) BEGIN SELECT Top 1 @Term = Term, @Description =Description FROM #Temp1 SET @NewQuestion = REPLACE(@NewQuestion,@Term,@Description) DELETE FRom #Temp1 Where Term = @Term SELECT @RecCount = COUNT(1) FROM #Temp1 END INSERT INTO #Que (Term,Frequency,IDF) SELECT value,TF,IDF FROM ( SELECT value,Count(1) TF FROM [dbo].[SplitWords](@NewQuestion) Where value NOT IN (SELECT Term FROM ExcludedTerms) GROUP BY value ) P INNER JOIN GlobalTerms GT ON GT.Term = P.value UPDATE #Que SET TFIDF = IDF * Frequency,Soundex_Value = SOUNDEX(Term) SELECT @Q_CD = SUM(TFIDF * TFIDF) FROM #Que SELECT @Question_Type = dbo.fn_get_questiontype(@Question) SELECT TOP 100 T.QuestionID, MAX(Q1.Question) Question,100* (SUM(T.TFIDF * Q.TFIDF) ) / ( MAX(Q1.CosineDistanceQuestionComponent) * @Q_CD ) CD , MAX(Q1.Header) Header,MAX(Q1.QuestionType) Question_Type INTO #Temp FROM TermFrequency T INNER JOIN #Que Q ON T.Soundex_Value = Q.Soundex_Value INNER JOIN Question Q1 ON Q1.ID = T.QuestionID GROUP BY T.QuestionID ORDER BY 3 DESC ALTER TABLE #Temp ADD Question_Type_Ranking INT ,Final_Ranking FLOAT; SET @RecCount = 0 69 SELECT @RecCount = COUNT(1) FROM #Temp WHERE Question_Type_Ranking IS NULL WHILE (@RecCount > 0) BEGIN SELECT Top 1 @Question_ID = QuestionID, @Question_Question_Type = Question_Type FROM #Temp WHERE Question_Type_Ranking IS NULL IF @Question_Question_Type = @Question_Type BEGIN SET @Question_Type_Ranking = 3 END ELSE IF CHARINDEX(@Question_Type,@Question_Question_Type,1) > 0 OR CHARINDEX(@Question_Question_Type,@Question_Type,1) > 0 BEGIN SET @Question_Type_Ranking = 2 END ELSE BEGIN SET @Question_Type_Ranking = 1 END UPDATE #Temp SET Question_Type_Ranking =@Question_Type_Ranking WHERE QuestionID = @Question_ID SELECT @RecCount = COUNT(1) FROM #Temp WHERE Question_Type_Ranking IS NULL END UPDATE #Temp SET Final_Ranking = POWER( Question_Type_Ranking,@n ) * CD SELECT Top 10 QuestionID,Question,Header,ROUND(CD,4) CD ,Question_Type_Ranking,ROUND(Final_Ranking,4) Final_Ranking FROM #Temp ORDER BY Final_Ranking DESC END 70 Appendix D Code to Find Global Terms SET NOCOUNT ON TRUNCATE TABLE GlobalTerms CREATE TABLE #t (Term VARCHAR(150)) DECLARE @Question VARCHAR(MAX) -------------------------------------------------------- DECLARE @MyCursor CURSOR SET @MyCursor = CURSOR FAST_FORWARD FOR SELECT Question FROM Question OPEN @MyCursor FETCH NEXT FROM @MyCursor INTO @Question WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN SET @Question = REPLACE(@question,'?','') SET @Question = REPLACE(@question,')','') SET @Question = REPLACE(@question,'(','') SET @Question = REPLACE(@question,'.','') SET @Question = REPLACE(@question,'/',' ') SET @Question = REPLACE(@question,'\',' ') SET @Question = REPLACE(@question,'''','') INSERT INTO #t (Term) SELECT value FROM dbo.SplitWords(@Question) FETCH NEXT FROM @MyCursor INTO @Question END CLOSE @MyCursor DEALLOCATE @MyCursor INSERT INTO GlobalTerms (Term) SELECT DISTINCT term FROM #t WHERE Term NOT IN (SELECT Term FROM ExcludedTerms) DROP TABLE #t 71 Appendix E Calculation of Cosine Distance and TF-IDF SET NOCOUNT ON TRUNCATE TABLE GlobalTermSoundex UPDATE [dbo].[GlobalTerms] SET Soundex_Value = SOuNDEX([Term]) UPDATE [dbo].[TermFrequency] SET Soundex_Value = SOuNDEX([Term]) INSERT GlobalTermSoundex (Soundex_Value,TermCount) SELECT Soundex_Value, SUM([Score]) Score FROM [GlobalTerms] GROUP BY Soundex_Value UPDATE G SET G.Score = P.C FROM (SELECT Soundex_Value Soundex_Value, SUM(Frequency) C FROM TermFrequency GROUP BY Soundex_Value) P JOIN [GlobalTerms] G ON G.Soundex_Value = P.Soundex_Value DECLARE @N int SELECT @N = COUNT(1) FROM Question SELECT @N UPDATE A SET A.IDF= B.IDF FROM (SELECT Term,Soundex_Value,LOG(@N/[Score]) IDF FROM [dbo].[GlobalTerms]) B JOIN TermFrequency A ON A.Soundex_Value = B.Soundex_Value UPDATE [dbo].[TermFrequency] SET [TFIDF] = Frequency * [IDF] 72 UPDATE [dbo].[GlobalTerms] SET IDF = LOG(@N/[Score]) UPDATE Q SET Q.CosineDistanceQuestionComponent = TF.CDQC FROM (SELECT QuestionID,SUM (TFIDF * TFIDF) CDQC FROM [dbo].[TermFrequency] Group By QuestionID) TF JOIN Question Q ON TF.QuestionID = Q.ID 73 Appendix F Question Type Ranking Obtaining a best power value of the Question Type Ranking FR = QTRn * CDR FR – Final Ranking QTR – Question Type Ranking CDR – Cosine Distance Ranking Several Questions were searched for different n values. Q1.How does the Constitution treat the status of colonies, and territories? N = 0.5 Question ID Question Header CDR QTR FR 195 Sample Question 195 General 0.9715 3 0.9715 197 Sample Question 197 General 0.7491 1 0.7491 112 Sample Question 112 Executive 0.4788 2 0.4788 297 Sample Question 297 Legislature 0.4411 1 0.4411 219 Sample Question 219 General 0.4112 2 0.4112 196 Sample Question 196 General 0.3958 1 0.3958 139 Sample Question 139 Executive 0.3895 1 0.3895 14 Sample Question 14 Criminal Procedure 0.3857 3 0.3857 173 Sample Question 173 Executive 0.3803 1 0.3803 249 Sample Question 249 General 0.3765 1 0.3765 N = 1 Question ID Question Header CDR QTR FR 195 Sample Question 195 General 0.9715 3 2.9145 14 Sample Question 14 Criminal Procedure 0.3857 3 1.1571 15 Sample Question 15 Criminal Procedure 0.3219 3 0.9656 112 Sample Question 112 Executive 0.4788 2 0.9577 219 Sample Question 219 General 0.4112 2 0.8223 197 Sample Question 197 General 0.7491 1 0.7491 640 Sample Question 640 Race, Ethnicity, 0.2437 3 0.7312 74 and Language 656 Sample Question 656 Race, Ethnicity, and Language 0.2437 3 0.7312 203 Sample Question 203 General 0.331 2 0.662 77 Sample Question 77 Elections 0.301 2 0.6019 N = 2 Question ID Question Header CDR QTR FR 195 Sample Question 195 General 0.9715 3 8.7436 14 Sample Question 14 Criminal Procedure 0.3857 3 3.4713 15 Sample Question 15 Criminal Procedure 0.3219 3 2.8968 640 Sample Question 640 Race, Ethnicity, and Language 0.2437 3 2.1935 656 Sample Question 656 Race, Ethnicity, and Language 0.2437 3 2.1935 112 Sample Question 112 Executive 0.4788 2 1.9153 219 Sample Question 219 General 0.4112 2 1.6447 203 Sample Question 203 General 0.331 2 1.3239 77 Sample Question 77 Elections 0.301 2 1.2038 574 Sample Question 574 Rights 0.2592 2 1.0368 When all the three instances are compared, there are two close questions.  How does the Constitution treat the status of colonies, protectorates, and territories?  What specific colonies or protectorates does the Constitution mention? So the correct questions were identified when n = 0.5 PN: Actual question was removed to avoid plagiarism. 75 Appendix H Example of a Question Incident Dates References Death of Colombo District MP. Mr. CV. Gunarathne 7-Jun-2000 Sri Lanka Cabinet Minister of Industries development, Minister Mr.Gunaratne and his wife were killed. Death of National List MP. Mr. C.V. Gunarathne 12-Aug- 2005 Resignation of National List MP Mr. Samarasinghe 30-Jun- 2008 Mr. H. M. Wasantha Samarasinghe resigned to contest the North Central provincial council election Mr, Mahipala Herath resigned 7-May- 2004 Mr. Mahipala Herath resigned to contest the Sabaragamuwa provincial council elections. Mrs. Chandrika Kumaratunga resigned to take up presidency. 12-Nov- 1994 Mr. Sarath Fonseka removed as he didn't participate parliament for three months 2010 S,B. Dissanayake removed as he didn't participate parliament for three months 2006 Are there provisions for dismissing members of parliament? Dilan Perera against Dr. Rajitha Senarathne, 1999 76 Appendix I Accuracy of SOUNDEX A130 A153 A516 A162 A223 A225 Abide About Appointing Appointme nt Approval Approve Approved Approves Approving Affairs Appears Accused Associatio n Accession Assign Assigned A231 A235 A252 A312 A313 A323 Active-duty Activities Academic Actions Against Agencies Agency Advise Advisory Adopted Adoption Adequate Attached A351 A353 A362 A535 A553 A623 Attempt Attempts Attendance Automatic Address Authorize Authorize d Anthem Anything Amend Amendabl e Amended Amending Amendme nt Amendme nts Arrest Arrested A632 A652 B220 B230 B255 B300 Artists Arts Arms Arranged Arrangeme nt Arrangeme nts Basic Basis Based Best Becoming Beginning Body Both B520 B636 C134 C200 C325 C420 Bank Being Birthright Borders Broader Capital Capitalism Case Choose Citizen Citizens Citizenshi p Class Clause C430 C436 C452 C512 C513 C522 Called Child Children Cultural Culture Calling Challenge Colonies Campaigns Compose Convicted Competiti ve Confedera l Census Consist C514 C515 C516 C523 C524 C525 Compulsor y Conflict Compensat ion Convene Chamber Chambers Confront Consider Considered Constituent Constitution Constitution al Consult Consults Council Counsel Commission Conscience Conscientious Consumer 77 Constitution ality Constitution s C526 C530 C532 C533 C536 C553 Censorship Concerning Cannot Committee Committe es Conduct Committed Conditions Central Contrary Controls Counter Countries Country Commander Commanders Comments Communities C630 C632 C635 C655 D000 D125 Cohort Court Cohorts Courts Certain Coordinat ed Credential Criminal Criminals Day Die Division Divisions D153 D225 D236 D246 D252 D255 Defendants Definition Depending Decision Decisions Distribute d District Districts Declaration Declarations Declare Dismiss Dismissal Dismissed Dismissin g Document Documents D261 D300 D320 D365 D526 E123 Described Describes Date Death Duty Deities Duties Determinati on Determinati ons Determine Determined Determines Democrac y Democrati c Effect Episodes E214 E215 E216 E223 E231 E236 Explicit Explicitly Expansion Expense Expiration Express Expressio n Expropriat e Expropriat ion Executive Executives Establish Establishe d External Extradition Extraordinary E255 E423 E536 F400 F420 F530 Economic Examine Elected Election Elections Electoral Electors Electronic Enter Entered Entirety Entry Feel Full False Files Flag Find Found F540 F552 F600 F623 F625 F654 Family Final Finance Financial Fair Free First First-level Foreign Foreigner Formally Formula 78 Financing Forced Fraction G165 G564 G653 H430 I353 I512 Governmen t Governmen tal Governmen ts Governor General Generally Grand Grant Granted Granting Grounds Guarantee Health Healthy Held Identified Identify Investigate Investment I514 I516 I523 I524 I526 I531 Implementa tion Implemente d Inviolable Involved Involvemen t Important Imprisoned Imprisonm ent Institution Institution s Instrument s Include Included Including Incorporat e Incorporat ed Incriminat ion Independence Independent Individual Individually Individuals I532 I533 I536 J232 L100 L140 Indicted Indicting Indigenous Integration Initiate Initiates Initiative Initiatives Interesting Internatio nal Interpellat e Interpretat ion Interpreter Interventi on Introducti on Justice Justices Levy Life Label Level L142 L200 L224 L230 L240 L522 Levels Libelous Laws Law Legislate Legislatio n Legislativ e Legislator s Legislatur e Legislatur es Last Least List Legal Likely Local Language Languages M230 M300 M500 M516 M523 M535 Most Must Media Mode Motto Man Men Money Member Members Membership Minister Ministers Mention Mentioned M600 N354 N364 N400 N500 N516 79 Marry More National Nationals Natural Naturaliza tion Naturalize d Newly New Name Non- derogable Non- discrimina tion Number Numbered Numbering N553 O155 O163 O500 O520 O625 Nominated Nominates Nomination Nomination s Opinion Opinions Operation Operation s Opportuni ty Overridde n Override Overthrow On Own Once Ones Organic Organizations Organs Original P142 P230 P420 P600 P612 P613 Public Published Passed Post Place Please Policy Power Pre-trial Previous Privacy Profession Proposal Propose Proposes Provision Provisions Purposes Private Prohibit Prohibited Prohibition Provide Provided P616 P620 P622 P623 P625 P626 Preference Preferred Property Proportion Powers Press Process Processes Prosecutio n Prosecutor Presides Procedure Procedures Proceed Person Personalit y Presumpti on Prescribe Preservation Progress P630 P632 P652 P653 P654 R120 Part Party Participati on Particular Parties Parts Protect Protected Protecting Protection Protectorat es Principle Principles Print Promote Promulgat ed Promulgat ion Reviews Revoke R142 R162 R163 R215 R223 R225 Replaced Replaceme nt Replacing Representa tion Representa tive Referred Reporting Responsibili ties Responsibili ty Registry Reject Recognize Resign 80 Representi ng Responsible R230 R232 R236 R243 R261 R263 Rest Right Right Rights Restart Restraint Restrict Restrictio n Restrictio ns Regulate Regulations Regulatory Reserve Reserved Record Recruitment Regard Regarding Regards Required R400 R420 S100 S121 S123 S124 Role Rule Release Rules Safe Shape Specific Specifically Specified Specify Specifying Subsidiary Substantiv e Special Specialized S153 S162 S163 S200 S225 S235 Spending Subnational Sovereignt y Suffrage Separate Separation Support Sex Size Such Secessions Secession Section Sections System S242 S253 S263 S300 S320 S332 Socialism Socialist Second Second- level Sequentiall y Secret Security Said Set Seats Stage States Status S353 S362 S410 S423 S436 S500 Standard Standing Strike Structure Self Self- determinat ion Selected Selecting Selection Shelter Solidarity Same Sine Some S546 S610 S612 T120 T200 T230 Similar Similarly Serve Survey Serves Service Topic Topics Types Take Tax These Those Took Twice Text Thought T623 T630 T632 T636 T652 U525 Theorists Throughout Third Third-level Trade Treat Tried Truth Towards Treaties Territorial Territories Territory Torture Terms Transfer Transition al Translated Unconstitutio nal Unconstitutio nality U536 V300 V320 V352 W200 W336 Under Understand Veto Void Vote Vetoes Votes Vetoing Voting Was Which Whose Withdraw Withdrawal 81 Understand s Unitary W430 W635 Wealth Would Writing Written 82 83 Appendix J E-R Diagram 84 Appendix K Overview of Full Text Search Architecture of SQL Server 85 Appendix L Interfaces of HeainOnline Legal Systems 86 Appendix M Configuration of Full Text Search in SQL Server Enabling Full Text Search In the above configuration automatic track change option is selected. Since the legal content is changing with the amendments and new judgments, full text needs to be rebuild with a given schedule as shown in below figure. 87 Scheduling Full Text Search Rebuilding As shown in the above figure, every day full text search is rebuilding. However, end user has the option of modifying the schedule depending on the need. Accent Sensitive is also enabled as shown in figure below. Enabling Accent Sensitivity 88 Appendix N User Interface of Proposed System 89