87 
 
REFERENCES 
 
Aguilar, M.I., Saez, J., Llorens, M., Soler, A. and Ortuno, J.F. Physico-Chemical Treatment 
of Wastewater, Coagulation-Flocculation. Murcia: Publications Service University of 
Murcia, 2002. 
 
Ali, S. Z. and Bhattacharya, K. R. “Changes in sugars and amino acids during parboiling of 
rice.” Food Biochem., 1980, Vol. 4, p. 169-179. 
 
Anand, N. “Cyanobacterial taxonomic – classical concepts and modern trends.”  In: 
Subramanium, G., Kaushik, B.D. and Venkataraman, G.S. (Eds), Cyanobacterial 
Biotechnology. USA: Science Publishers Inc., 1998, p. 337–340. 
 
APHA, AWWA and WPCF, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and 
Wastewater. 19th Ed., Washington DC:  American Public Health Association, 1995. 
 
Ardelean, I. and Zarnea, G. “Photosynthesis respiration interplay in cyanobacteria: 
fundamentals and application.” In: Subramanium, G., Kaushik, B.D. and Venkataraman, 
G.S.(Eds), Cyanobacterial Biotechnology. USA: Science Publishers Inc., 1998, p. 103-
107. 
 
Ariyarathna, S.M.W.T.P.K., De Silva, W.P.M., Wimalasena, B.D.S.N. and Shanthini, R. 
“Investigating the possibility of the use of paddy husk charcoal for the treatment of rice 
mill wastewater in Sri Lanka.” Proc.of the Peradeniya University Research Sessions, 
2004. 
 
Ariyarathna, S.M.W.T.P.K., Kalpage, C.S. and Shanthini, R. “Design of a paddy husk 
charcoal adsorption unit for the treatment of parboiled rice processing wastewater.” Proc. 
of the Peradeniya University Research Sessions, 2007, Vol.12, p. 199-201. 
 
Aziz, A., Gaine, G. L. and Khatun, M. “Systematics and ecology of rice-field soil algae of 
Bangladesh.” In: Islam, A.K.M.N., Fattah, Q.A., Muttaqui, I.A. and Aziz, A. (Eds.) Plant 
88 
 
Science and Man: Problems and Prospects, Proc. Intl. Bot. Conf. (1991). Dhaka: 
Bangladesh Bot. Soc., 1992, p. 23-34. 
 
Bajpai, R., Sharma, N.K., Lawton, L.A., Edwardc, C. and Rai, A.K. “Microcystin producing 
cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. BHU001 from a pond in India.” Toxicon, 2009, Vol. 53, p. 
587-590.  
 
Begum, Z.N.T. "Cultural studies of some nitrogen fixing blue-green algae from rice field.”  
Bangladesh J. Bot., 1983, Vol. 12, p. 127-131. 
 
Begum, Z.N.T. and Mandal, R. 1997. “Nitrogen fixing capacity of some cyanobacterial 
strains from Bangladseh.” Phytol. Res., 1997, Vol 10, p. 67-73. 
 
Begum, Z.N.T., Khan, Z.U.M., Mandal, R. and Hossain, M.Z.  “Distributional pattern of 
nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in rice fields of Bangladesh.” Phykos., 1993, Vol. 32, p. 
109-114. 
 
Bello, M., Baeza, R. and Tolaba, M.P. “Quality characteristics of milled and cooked rice 
affected by hydrothermal treatment.” Food Engineering, 2006, Vol. 72, p. 124-133. 
 
Benefield, L.D. and Randall, C.W. Biological Process Design for Wastewater Treatment. 
New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 1980. 
 
Bhattacharya, K. R. “Parboiling of rice.” In: Juliano, B. O. (Ed.) Rice: Chemistry and 
Technology. St Paul, Minn.: American Association of Cereal Chemists, 1985, p. 289-348. 
 
Bhattacharya, K.R. and Rao, P.V.S. “Processing conditions and milling yield in parboiling of 
rice.” Agricultural Food Chemistry, 1966a, Vol. 14, p. 473-475. 
 
Bhattacharya, K.R. and Rao, P.V.S. “Effect of processing conditions on quality of parboiled 
rice.” Agricultural Food Chemistry, 1966b, Vol. 14, p. 476-479. 
 
Bhattacharya, K.R. and Swami, Y.M.I. “Conditions of drying parboiled paddy for optimum 
milling quality.” Cereal Chemistry, 1967, Vol. 44, p. 592-600. 
89 
 
 
Bhuiya, Z.H., Hashem, M.A. and Islam, A.K.M.N. “Isolation and identification of dominant 
nitrogen fixing blue-green algae from Bangladesh soils.” In: Gibson, A.H. and Newton, 
W. E. (Eds.), Current Perspective in Nitrogen-Fixation. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-
Holland Biomedical press, 1981, p. 498. 
 
Biggs, S., Habgood, M., Jameson, G.J. and Yan, Y. “Aggregate structures formed via 
bridging flocculation mechanism.” Chem. Eng. J., 2000, Vol. 80, p. 13-22.  
 
Bratby, John. Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment. 2nd Ed., 
London: IWA publishing, 2006. 
 
Caceres, L. “Comparison of lime and alum treatment of municipal wastewater.” Water Sci. 
Technol., 1993, Vol. 27, p. 261–264. 
 
Celenza, G.J. Industrial Wastewater Treatment Process Engineering: Biological Processes 
Volume II. Pennsylvania: Technomic Publishing Company, 2000. 
 
Center, T.D., Van, T.K., Dray, F.A.Jr., Franks, S.J., Rebelo, M.T., Pratt, P.D. and Rayamajhi, 
M. B. “Herbivory alters competitive interactions between two invasive aquatic plants.” 
Biological Control, 2005, Vol. 33, p. 173-185. 
 
Charlton, J. “The prevention of nuisances caused by the parboiling of paddy.” Agric. Res. 
Inst. Pusa, 1923, Bulletin no.146. 
 
Chua, H. “Bio-accumulation of environmental residues of rare earth elements in aquatic flora 
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. in Guangdong Province of China.” The Science of 
Total Environment, 1998, Vol. 214, p. 79-85. 
 
Ciborowski, P. “Anaerobic Digestion in the Dairy Industry.” Proc. of the Air Innovations 
Conference, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 2007. 
 
Dawes, J. The Pond Owners Problem Solver. Virginia: Tetra Press, 1999. 
90 
 
De Casabianca, M.L. and Laugier, T. “Eichhornia crassipes production on petroliferous 
wastewaters: Effects of salinity.” Bioresource Technology, 1995, Vol. 54, p. 39-43. 
 
Dominguez, J.R. “Aluminium sulfate as coagulant for highly polluted cork processing 
wastewaters: Removal of organic matter.” Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, Vo. 
148, p. 15-21.  
 
Duan, Jinming and Gregory, John. “Coagulation by hydrolysing metal salts.” Adv. Colloid 
Interf. Sci., 2003, p. 475–502.  
 
El-Bestawy, Ebtesam. “Treatment of mixed domestic–industrial wastewater using 
cyanobacteria.” Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2008, Vol. 35, p. 1503-1516. 
 
El Zawahry, M.M. and Kamel, M.M. “Removal of azo and anthraquinone dyes from aqueous 
solutions by Eichhornia crassipes.” Water Research, 2004, Vol. 38, p. 2967-2972. 
 
Environment & Management Lanka (Pvt.) Ltd. in association with Department of Chemical 
Engineering of the University of Moratuwa. Development of A Low-Cost Technology for 
The Treatment of Rice Mill Effluents. Contract Research Project 12/412/307, 1999. 
 
Fay, Peter. The blue-greens (Cyanophyta-Cyanobacteria). London: Baltimore, Md., 1983. 
 
Fraissard, J.P. and Conner, C.W. Physical Adsorption: Experiment, Theory and Applications. 
Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic publishers, 1997. 
 
Francis, John. Philosophy of Mathematics. Delhi: Global Vision Publishing Ho, 2008. 
 
Gamage, N.S. and Yapa, P.A.J. “Use of water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.] 
in treatment systems for textile mill effluents – A case study.” National Science 
Foundation, Sri Lanka, 2001, Vol. 29, p. 15-28 
 
Gariboldi, F. “Parboiled rice.” In: Houston, D. F. (Ed.) Rice: Chemistry and Technology. St 
Paul, Minn.: American Association of Cereal Chemists, 1972, p. 358-380. 
 
91 
 
Gariboldi, F. “Rice parboiling.” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 
RWEDP Report No.29, 1974a. 
 
Gariboldi, F. “Rice parboiling.” FAO agricultural development paper 97, 1974b, p.1-97. 
 
Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. National Environmental Act, No. 
47 of 1980, 01-02-2008. 
 
Gerardi, M.H. The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 
Inc., 2003. 
 
Ghabbour, E.A., Davies, G., Lam, Y.Y. and Vozzella, M.E. “Metal binding by humic acids 
isolated from water hyacinth plants (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solm-Laubach: 
Pontedericeae) in the Nile Delta, Egypt.” Environmental Pollution, 2004, Vol. 131, p. 
445-451. 
 
Grodowitz, M.J., Center, T.D. and Freedman, J.E. “A Physiological Age-Grading System for 
Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Biological Control 
Agent of Water Hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.” Biological Control, 1997, 
Vol. 9, p. 89-105. 
 
Hakansan, L., Bryhn, A.C. and Hytteborn, J.K. “On the issue of limiting nutrient and 
predictions of cyanobacteria in aquatic systems.” Science of the Total Environment, 2007, 
Vol. 379, p. 89-108. 
 
Hammer, D.A. (Ed.). Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Municipal, Industrial 
and Agricultural. Michigan: Lewis Publishers Inc., 1989. 
 
Helmer, Richard and Hespanhol, Ivanildo (Eds) on behalf of the UNEP, the Water Supply & 
Sanitation Collaborative Council and WHO. Water Pollution Control - A Guide to the Use 
of Water Quality Management Principles. London: E. & F. Spon, 1997. 
 
92 
 
Hettiarachchi, P., Jiffry, M.T., Jansz, E.R., Wickramasinghe, A.R. and Fernando, D.J. 
“Glycaemic indices of different varieties of rice grown in Sri Lanka.” Ceylon Medical 
Journal, 2001, Vol. 46, p. 11-14.  
 
Hossain, D. “Mechanism of coagulation of coloured water with aluminium sulphate.” Journal 
of Civil Engineers, Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh, 1996, Vol. CE 24, p. 213-220. 
 
House, C.H., Bergmann, B.A., Stomp, A.M. and Frederick, D.J. “Combining constructed 
wetlands and aquatic and soil filters for reclamation and reuse of water.” Ecological 
Engineering, 1999, Vol. 12, p. 27-38. 
 
Hulshoff Pol, L. and Lettinga, G. “New technologies for anaerobic wastewater treatment.” 
Wat. Sci. Tech., 1986, Vol. 18, p. 41-53. 
 
Hyenstrand, Per. Factors Influencing the Success of Pelagic Cyanobacteria. Uppsala: 
Uppsala University, 1999. 
 
Jarvis, P., Jefferson, B., Gregory, J. and Parsons, S.A. “A review of floc strength and 
breakage.” Water Res., 2005, Vol. 39, p. 3121-3137.  
 
Jung, K.H. Treatment of wastewater from livestock rearing with aquatic plants. Taipei: 
FFTC, 2002. 
 
Kar, N., Jain, R.K. and Srivastav, P.P. “Parboiling of dehusked rice.” Food Engineering, 
1999, Vol. 39, p. 17-22. 
 
Kato, M.T., Field, J.A. and Lettinga, G. “Anaerobe tolerance to oxygen and the potentials of 
anaerobic and aerobic cocultures for wastewater treatment.” Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 
1997, Vol. 14. 
 
Khan, Z.U.M. and Venkataraman, G.S. “Distribution of nitrogen fixing blue-green algae in 
rice soils of Bangladesh.” Nature Stud. , 1991, Vol. 1, p. 31-36. 
 
93 
 
Kimura, T. “Effects of processing conditions on the hardening characteristics of parboiled 
grain”, Society of Agricultural Structure, Japan, 1991, Vol. 22, p. 49-54. 
 
Kimura, T., Bhattacharya, K.R. and Ali, S.Z. “Discolouration characteristics of rice during 
parboiling (I): Effect of processing conditions on the colour intensity of parboiled rice.” 
Society of Agricultural Structure, Japan, 1993, Vol. 24, p. 23-30. 
 
Kimura, T., Matsuda, J., Ikeuchi, Y. and Yoshida, T. “Basic studies on parboiled rice (3): 
Effect of processing conditions on properties of parboiled rice.” Japanese Society of 
Agricultural Machinery, 1976, Vol. 38, p. 379-383. 
 
Kimura, T., Shimizu, N., Shimohara, T. and Warashina J. “Trials of quality evaluation for 
parboiled and other rice by means of the near infrared spectroscopy and the rapid visco 
analyzer.” Society of Agricultural Structure, Japan, 1995, Vol. 25, p.175-182. 
 
Knight, R.L., Ruble, R.W., Kadlec, R.H. and Reed, S.C. “Wetlands for wastewater treatment: 
performance database.” In: G.A. Moshiri (Ed.). Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality 
Improvement. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1993. 
 
Kulatillake, N. and Yapa, P.A.J. “A study on the use of water hyacinth in rubber effluent 
treatment system.” Proc. of Malaysian Chemical Congress, 1986. 
 
Lamberts, L., De Bie, E., Derycke, V., Veraverbeke, W.S., De Man, W. and Delcour, J.A. 
“Effect of Processing Conditions on Color Change of Brown and Milled Parboiled Rice.” 
Cereal Chem., 2006, 8 Vol. 83, p. 80–85. 
 
Langmuir, Irving. “The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids.” Am. 
Chem. Soc., 1916, Vol. 38, p. 2221–2295. 
 
Lee, W. and Westerhoff, P. “Dissolved organic nitrogen removal during water treatment by 
aluminum sulfate and cationic polymer coagulation.”  Water Res., 2006, Vol. 40, p. 3767–
3774.  
 
94 
 
Licsko, I. “Coagulation mechanisms; Nano and micro processes.” Water Sci. Technol., 2004, 
Vol.50, p. 193-200.  
 
Licsko, I. “Dissolved organics removal by solid–liquid phase separation (adsorption and 
coagulation).” Water Sci. Technol., 1993, Vol. 27, p. 245-248.  
 
Liu, D. and Liptak, B.G. Environmental Engineer’s Handbook. 2nd Ed., Florida: Lewis 
publishers, 1997. 
 
Maine, M.A., Duarte, M.V. and Sune, N.L. “Cadmium uptake by floating macrophytes.” 
Water Research, 2001, Vol. 35, p. 2629-2634. 
 
Maine, M.A., Sune N.L., Panigatti, M.C. and Pizarro M.J. and Emiliani F. “Relationships 
between water chemistry and macrophyte chemistry in lotic and lentic environment.” 
Arch. Hydrobiol., 1999, Vol. 145, p. 129-145. 
 
Mandal, R., Begum, Z.N.T., Khan, Z.U.M. and Hossain, M.Z. “N2-fixing blue-green algae in 
rice fields and their relationship with soil fertility.” Bangladesh J. Bot., 1993, Vol. 22, p. 
71-79. 
 
Mangabeira P.A.O., Lamperti, A., De Almeida, A.A.F., Oliveira, A.H., Escaig, F., Severo, 
M.I.G., Silva, D.C., Saloes, M., Mielke, M.S., Lucena, E.R., Martins, M.C., Santana, K.B., 
Gavrilov, K.L., Galle, P. and Levi-Setti, R. “Accumulation of chromium in root tissues of 
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. in Cachoeira river – Brazil.” Applied Surface Science, 
2004, p. 231-232, 497-501. 
 
Martinez, M.E., Sanchez, S., Jimenez, J.M., El-Yousfi, F. and Munoz, L. “Nitrogen and 
phosphorus removal from urban wastewater by the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus.” 
Bioresource Technology, 2000, Vol. 73, p. 263-272. 
 
Matthijs, H.C.P. and Lubberding. H.J.  “Dark respiration in cyanobacteria.” In Rogers, L.J. 
and Gallon, E.R.  (Eds), Biochemistry of the Algae and Cyanobacteria. Oxford: Clarendon 
Press, 1988, p. 131-145. 
 
95 
 
McKay, Gordon. Use of Adsorbents for the Removal of Pollutants from Wastewaters. Florida: 
CRC Press, 1996. 
 
Metcalf and Eddy Inc. Wastewater Engineering, Treatment, Disposal, and Reuse. 3rd Ed., 
New York: McGraw-Hill Inc., 1991. 
 
Munoz, Raul and Guieysse, Benoit. “Algal–bacterial processes for the treatment of hazardous 
contaminants: A review.” Water Research, 2006, Vol. 40, p. 2799-2815. 
 
Naranjo, J.E. “Virus removal by an on-site wastewater treatment and recycling system.” 
Water Sci. Tech., 1993, Vol. 27, p.  441. 
 
Odegaard, H. “Appropriate technology for wastewater treatment.” In: Environmental 
Engineering Series. New York: Van Nostrandt Reinhold, 1989. 
 
Otegbayo, B.O., Osamuel, F. and Fashakin, J.B. “Effect of parboiling on physic-chemical 
qualities of two local rice varieties in Nigeria.” Food Technology in Africa, 2001, Vol. 6, 
p. 130-132. 
 
Parsons, R.A. On Farm Biogas production. New York: NRAES-20, 1984. 
 
Perkins, J. and Hunter, C. “Removal of enteric bacteria in surface flow constructed wetland in 
Yorkshire England.” Water Res., 2000, Vol. 34, p.1941-1947. 
 
Peterson, S.B. and Teal, M.J. “The role of plants in ecologically engineered wastewater 
treatment systems.” Ecological Engineering, 1996, Vol. 6, p. 137-148. 
 
Pillaiyar, P. “Parboiling.” In: Rice Postproduction Manual. New Delhi: Wiley Eastern, 1988, 
p. 167-229. 
 
Polprasert, C.  and Khatiwada, Nawa Raj. “An integrated kinetic model for water hyacinth 
ponds used for wastewater treatment.” Water Research, 1998, Vol. 32, p. 179-185. 
 
96 
 
Queiroz, M.I., Lopes, E. J., Zepka, L. Q., Bastos, R. G. and Goldbeck, R. “The kinetics of the 
removal of nitrogen and organic matter from parboiled rice effluent by cyanobacteria in a 
stirred batch reactor.” Bioresource Technology, 2007, Vol. 98, p. 2163-2169. 
 
Raj, R.A. and Singaravadivel, K. “Influence of soaking and steaming on the loss of simpler 
constituents in paddy.” Food Sci. Technol., 1980, Vol. 17, p. 141-143. 
 
Ramalho, R.S. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Processes. 2nd Ed., New York: 
Academic press, 1983. 
 
Ramalingam, N. and Raj, S.A. “Studies on the soak water characteristics in various paddy 
parboiling methods.” Bioresource Technology, 1996, Vol. 55, p. 259-261. 
 
Rao, S.N.R. and Juliano, B.O. “Effect of parboiling on some physicochemical properties of 
rice.” Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 1970, Vol. 18, p. 289-294. 
 
Redding, T., Todd, S. and Midlen, A. “The Treatment of Agriculture Wastewaters – A 
Botanical Approach.” Environmental Management, 1997, Vol. 50, p. 283-299. 
 
Reddy, K.R. and Sutton, D.L. “Water hyacinths for Water Quality Improvement and Biomass 
   Production.” Environ. Quality, 1984, Vol. 13, p. 1-8. 
 
Rice Processing Research and Development Centre. Internal Handbook AF 178 N-1-1993. 
 
Richardson, L.L. and Ragoonath, D.N. “Organic carbon enhances dark survival of the 
cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. isolated from black band disease of corals.” Rev. Biol. 
Trop., 2008, Vol. 58, p. 119-126.  
 
Roy, P., Shimizu, N., Shiina, T. and Kimura, T. “Energy consumption and cost analysis of 
local parboiling processes.” Food Engineering, 2006, Vol. 76, p. 646-655. 
 
Sarker, N.N. and Farouk, S.M. “Some factors causing milling loss in Bangladesh.” 
Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 1989, Vol. 20, p. 49-56. 
 
97 
 
Schmetterer, G. “Cyanobacterial respiration.” In: The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria. 
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, p. 409–435. 
 
Sim, C.H. The use of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Selangor: Water 
International –Malaysia Office, 2003. 
 
Singhal, V. and Rai, J.P.N. “Biogas production from water hyacinth and channel grass used 
for phytoremediation of industrial effluents.” Bioresource Technology, 2003, Vol. 86, p. 
221-225. 
 
So, L.M., Chu, L.M. and Wong, P.K. “Microbial enhancement of Cu2+ removal capacity of 
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.).” Chemosphere, 2003, Vol. 52, p. 1499-1503. 
 
Song, Z.C., Kwon, S.J. and Woo, J.H. “Mesophilic and thermophilic temperature co-phase 
anaerobic digestion compared with single-stage mesophilic and thermophilic digestion of 
savage sludge.” Water Research, 2004, Vol. 38, p. 1653-1662. 
 
Spajis, R., Burns, R., Moody, L. and Kralik, D. “Anaerobic Digestion System Selection for 
Croatian Swine Manures.” Proc. of the 44th Croatian & 4th International Symposium on 
Agriculture, Opatija, 2009. 
 
Sridhar, B.S. and Manohar, B. “Hydration kinetics and energy analysis of parboiling Indica 
paddy.” Biosystems Engineering, 2003, Vol. 85, p. 173-183. 
 
Subramanian, V. and Daksinamurthy, A. “Nutrient loss during parboiling.” II Riso, 1977, 
Vol. 26, p. 337-340. 
 
Sundstrom, D.W. and Klei, A.E. Wastewater Treatment. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc., 
1979. 
 
Szpak, J., Woods, D. and Bouchard, K. “Critique jar testing for the design of coagulation–
flocculation systems.” Water Qual. Res. Journal of Canada, 1996, Vol. 31, p. 51–64. 
 
98 
 
Tam, N.F.Y. and Wong, Y.S. “Effect of immobilized microalgal bead concentrations on 
wastewater nutrient removal.” Environmental Pollution, 2000, Vol. 107, p. 145-151. 
 
Tanphaichitr, V. “Thiamin.” In: Shils, M.E., Olsen, J.A. and Shike, M., et al. (Eds.) Modern 
Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th Ed., Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 
1999. 
 
Thomas, W.J. and Crittenden, B.D. Adsorption Technology and Design. 1st Ed., Oxford: 
Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998. 
 
Thornalley, P.J. “The potential role of thiamine (vitamin B (1)) in diabetic complications.” 
Curr. Diabetes Rev., 2005, Vol. 1, p. 287-298.  
 
Tiwari, G.L. “A study of the blue-green algae from paddy field soils of India.” 
Hydrobiologia, 1972, Vol. 39-3, p. 335-350.  
 
Unnikrishnan, K.R. and Bhattacharya, K.R. “Changes in properties of parboiled rice during 
ageing.” Food Science and Technology, 1995, Vol. 32, p. 17-21. 
 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Design Manual – Constructed Wetlands and Aquatic 
Systems for Municipal Wastewater Treatment, Report no. EPA/625/1-88/022. Cincinnati: 
Office of Research and Development, 1988. 
 
Valiente, E.F. and Leganes, F. “Regulatory effect of pH and incident irradiance on the levels 
of nitrogenase activity in cyanobacterium Nostoc Uam 205.” Plant Physiology, 1989, Vol. 
135, p. 623-627. 
 
Verhoeven, J.T.A. and Meuleman, F.A.M. “Wetlands for wastewater treatment: 
Opportunities and limitations.” Ecological Engineering, 1999, Vol. 12, p. 5-12. 
 
Vesilind, P. Aarne. Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Alexandria: Water Environment 
Fedaration, 2003.  
 
99 
 
Watanabe, Y., Kanemoto, Y., Takeda, K. and Ohno, H. “Removal of soluble and particulate 
organic material in municipal wastewater by chemical flocculation and biofilm processes.” 
Water Sci. Technol., 1993, Vol. 27, p. 201–209. 
 
Wayne, E.M. and Wadsworth, J.I. Rice Science and Technology. New York: Marcel Dekker 
Inc., 1994.  
 
Wilson, J.R., Holst, N. and Rees, M. “Determinants and patterns of population growth in 
water hyacinth.” Aquatic Botany, 2005, Vol. 81, p. 51-67.