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Macromol Rep, 30. 75 APPENDIX 1 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION Natural Rubber Natural rubber was taken under the following specification Mooney viscosity [ML(1+4) at 100 C] 80 +/-15 % Dirt content by mass (Max.) 0.05 % of Volatile material by mass (Max.) 0.8 % of Nitrogen by mass (Max.) 0.6 % of Ash by mass (Max.) 0.5 Initial Wallace Plasticity (Po) * Range (Min.) 30 Plastic Retention Index (PRL) (Min.) 70 Short Nylon fiber Materiel is nylon 6. It was obtained from the approved supplier. The material was cut to approximately 6 mm. Specification of nylon material is as follows. Breaking Strength – 1260D2 (Min.) 20.5 kg Elongation at Break +/-25 Twist Cable S 370 +/- 25 T/m Twist Ply Z 375 +/- 25 T/m Breaking Strength – 1890D2 (Min.) 30.5 kkg Elongation at Break +/-25 Twist Cable S 300 +/- 25 T/m Twist Ply Z 305 +/- 25 T/m 76 1 st Stage Chemicals i. Carbon Black Carbon black was taken from our approved supplier and it has the following specification: DPB absorption (cm^3/100g) 115-125 Loading adsorption number (mg/g) 85-89 Pour Density (Kg/m^3) 315-370 Fines Content (%) 10 max. Ash (Max.) (%) 0.5 ii. Zinc Oxide Zinc oxide used in the study was procured from approved supplier with the has following specification % of Moisture (Max) 0.5 % of Pbo (Max) 0.15 % of Purity (Min) 99.5 % of Sieve Residue (max) 45 Micron (325 mesh) 0.25 % of Loss on Ignition (Max) 0.6 iii. Stearic Acid Steric Acid was obtained from approved supplier with the following specification: Acid Value (mg,KOH/g) 190-215 Iodine Value (Max) (g,100g) 5 % of Fatty acid C18 (Min) 32 iv. 6PPD 6PPD was taken from approved supplier with the following specification: % of Ash Content (max) 0.2 Melting point (min) °C 44 % of Active Ingredient (min) 97 % of Heat loss (max) 0.5 77 v. HS % of Ash Content (Max.) 0.3 Softening point °C 83-93 % of Active ingredient (Min) 88 vi. OIL (Low PAHs Rubber Processing oil) Kinematic viscosity @ 100° C cSt 20-32 Aniline point °C 86-94 Density @ 15.0c g/ml 0.930-0.950 Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) (Max. ppm) 1 Sum 8 PAH's (Max. ppm) 10 Flash Point (Min.) °C 210 vii. RESORCINE 80 SBR % of Resorcinol Content 77-81 Density (g/cm3) 1.17-1.25 viii. SILICA BET Surface Area (m² / g) 160-195 % of Moisture 4 - 7 % of SiO2, on anhydrous basis (Min.) 98 % of SiO2 (bsed on dry basis, 105 C for 1.5 hrs) (Min.) 93 % of Salt as Na2SO4 < 1.5 % of 20 mesh sieve residue (Min.) 65 % of 80 mesh sieve residue (Min.) 75 78 2 nd Stage Chemicals i. SULPHUR % of Sieve Residue (325mesh), (Max.) 10 % of Moisture (Max.) 0.5 % of Purity (Min.) 99.5 ii. TBBS % of Purity (Min.) 95 % of Ash Content (Max.) 0.5 Melting point (Min.) °C 103 % of Loss of heating (Max.) 1 % of Free amine (Max.) 0.5 iii. PVI % of Active ingredient content (Min) 95 % of Ash Content (Max.) 0.2 % Drying loss (Heat loss) 0.4 Melting point °C 88 % of Volatile matter (Max.) 0.5 iv. HMT % of Hexamethylene tetramine Min. 96 % Water content Max. 0.5 % of Ash content 2.0 - 3.0 % of particles > 63 micro meter Max. 1.0 79 APPENDIX 2 Mixing cycle of Compounding trials First Stage Mixing Figure A 2.1: 0phr Fiber content 80 Figure A 2.2: 1 phr Fiber content 81 Figure A 2.3: 1.5 phr Fiber content 82 Figure A 2.4 : 2 phr Fiber content 83 Figure A 2.5: 2.5 phr Fiber content 84 Figure A 2.6: 3 phr Fiber content 85 Figure A 2.7: 5 phr Fiber content 86 Second Stage Mixing Figure A 2.8: 0 phr Fiber content 87 Figure A 2.9: 1 phr Fiber content 88 Figure A 2,10: 1.5 phr Fiber content 89 Figure A 2.11: 2 phr Fiber content 90 Figure A 2.12: 3 phr Fiber content 91 Figure A 2.13: 10 phr Fiber content 92 Figure A 2.14: 15 phr Fiber content 93 Figure A 2.15: 20 phr Fiber content 94 APPENDIX 3 MINITAB RESULT SHEET Figure A 3.1: Tensile test Results (Longitudinal or parallel to fiber oriented direction) 95 Figure A 3.2: Tensile test Results (Transvers or perpendicular to fiber oriented direction) 96 Figure A 3.3: Tearing test Results (Longitudinal or parallel to fiber oriented direction) 97 Figure A 3.4: Tearing test Results (Transvers or perpendicular to fiber oriented direction) 98 Figure A 3.5: Cut & Chip test Results (Average Weight loss) 99 Figure A 3.6: Cut & Chip test Results (Average Diameter loss) 100 Figure A 3.7: Abrasion test Results 101 Figure A 3.8: Compression test Results