2013 - (Vol. 05, Issue 01)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://192.248.9.226/handle/123/18676

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Adaptations and Negotiations of Local People towards‘Development’: Case of Hambantota, Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Mariyathas, S; Sooriyagoda, K
“Planners, designers and architects are not paying attention in knowing how things work in cities. On the contrary, they have gone to great pains to learn how cities have to work and what have to be good for people" (Jacobs, 1961). This has wade them create cities in a way which thy found 'ideal' to achieve what thy (mis)understood as ‘development ’. Furthermore, the trend of the recent city development in many parts of the world including Sri Lanka has been ‘changing the existing according to what power wants'. All of which do not seem appropriate to the socio-cultural spaces that are produced by the local people in their daily life. The local people, therefore, adapt various strategies to transform what is given into how it can be lived. This research examines such adaptation process and the responsive negotiations of local people towards development' in the case of Hambantota, Sri Lanka.
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Applicability of Centrality Measures to explain Vehicular flow in Colombo Municipal Council Area, Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Gunawardana, C; Jayasinghe, A
Traffic congestion has become a major issue for all of the cities in the acrid. Sri Lanka also incurs 1.5% of GDP due to massive financial and man-hour loss due to traffic congestion. Thus, this sets the importance of understanding how development and design of future built environment influence travel demand and traffic flows. Traffic flow modeling enables us to envisage traffic flows in urban models require the acquisition and analysis of large quantities of data such as the network topology, its traffic flow data, vehicle fleet composition, emission measurements and so on. Data acquisition is an expensive process that involves household surveys and automatic as well as semiautomatic measurements performed all over the network. Currently Sri Tanka and most of the Developing Countries follows these conventional Traffic Flow models, which identified as expensive affair and inefficient method. Therefore, predicting or understanding traffic flow has become an emerging challenge for Sri Tanka in this context. areas. Yet most of the current conventional Given this background this study focused on an emerging set of research literature that are employed in transport planning applications in developed countries. Those researches have based on network centrality parameters that revealed successful results in measuring traffic flow. Yet, all above studies based on developed countries and there are none or very limited applications with refining to the emerging rides in developing world where such research need the most. Therefore, this study looks a! the applicability of centrality measures to access the traffic flows in Sri Lankan context. Accordingly, the objective of this research is to study the applicability of centrality measures to explain vehicular flow in Colombo municipal council area. In this study we employed three centrally measures such as Degree. Betweenness and Closeness, which are borrowed from the domain of complex network analysis. Centrality values have men computed by axial map which generated using motorable road network of the CMC. Then it calculated using UCT-Dep/h 'nap and ArcCIS software applications. Generated Centrality values have been evaluated using actual traffic flow data along the CMC road network. Correlation analysis indicates that actual traffic flow values has a significant correlation with Degree (0.337 with significant at the 0.05 level). Betmennes(0771 with significant at the 0.01 level) and measures. Multiple regression analysis results was Closeness (0.742 with significant at the 0.01 level) centrally indicated that centrally measures hare capabilities to explain over 7S% of the variation of actual Traffic flow values. Therefore, the study suggests that Centrality Measures can scree as an alternative method to identify and predict traffic flow pattern of cities. Accordingly method developed in this study van be consider as robust and dynamic planning tool that will offer promise for spatial and transport planners to overcome emerging challenges and changing needs in the built environment.
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Architecture of Emptiness: Human Flows as Generators Of Shapes In Future Architecture
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Frdz, AM; Jorge, PF
In this article we will try to discuss the existence of a series of haptic and perceptual indicators that allow us to correlate certain spaces as the most adequate for determined activities in an almost unconscious manner. These 'potential’ or 'aprioristic' spaces would be nodes or intersections of a map of invisible flows that would demonstrate an underpinning in which future cities could be established upon. Diminishing the contemporary architecture's mass would be a way through which the above mentioned flows could be materialized. We are not suggesting an 'organic shaped architecture, only an architecture that is free from its Cartesian bonds, allowed to express itself a an ordered recreation of the chaos that is hidden below the corseted geometric systems that define today's architecture and urban planning. The human body would no longer be defined in its movements by architecture. By the contrary, architecture would be moulded, in its form and logic, by the human reason and shape.
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Colour Associated Thermal Perception (CTP): Evidence From An Experimental Research Design Implemented In Sri Lanka.
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Hettiarachchi, A; De Silva, N
Colours have been hypothetically recognized to alter perceived temperature. and thus differentiated as warm colours and cool colours, even though not satisfactorily supported via scientific inquiry. Given that this association could be generalized, the current investigation proposes its integration to create the optimal perceived thermal milieu demanded by human activities in built environment eventually working as a potential hybrid approach for energy conservation. In order to comprehend the logic behind warm-cool dichotomy of colour perception and to provide scientific explanation on its nature, emergence and significant factors, an experimental research design was adopted with reference to red and blue associated thermal perception (RTP and BTP). It was affirmed that a warm RTP and a cool BTP can be generalized. Colour blind subjects were found to perceive the same suggesting possibilities of CTP beyond visual perception. Colour associated thermal perception was found to be more of a psychological response. One’s psychological state triggered by colour stimuli, preference to exposed coloured environment and the preconceived, learnt ideologies molded by educational background were found to have a significant impact on both RTP and BTP. Further, BTP was found to have relationship with subject's age, and the surface temperature of blue work station while subjects' favorite colour was significant for RTP. Accordingly, CTP was found to emerge as a subtle, complex combination of several layers; psychological, learnt, external as well as certain un-revealed factors.
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The Effect of Visual Stimuli of Planned Residential Streetscapes on Way Finding Behavior of First Time Visitors
(2013-12) Gunanwardena, WL; Yoichi, K; Fukahori, K
This paper is concerned the streetscape visual stimuli making streetscape confusions as well as the visual stimuli making trouble-free bidirectional movements of first time visitors to an area. Pedestrian/ vehicle streets around Saitama University, Japan were selected for the study. One forward movement movie along a streetscape with 5 moms of backward movements from different streetscapes were displayed to a group of subjects. Subjects were asked to select the correct backward movement analogous to the forward movement and a questionnaire was given to fill with the answers for individual’s selection. This method was repeated by changing the forward and backward movies along streetscapes and the group of subjects. A significant variation could be identified in the backward path selection corresponding to the forward movement. Visual stimuli which caused streetscape confusions and the visual stimuli that helpful for correct path selection were identified. The visual stimuli that made streetscape confusions and that made correct selection were significantly similar among different planned streetscape groups.
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The Effects of Globalization on Multi-disciplinary consultancy Firms in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Meegahakotuwa, MGALIB; Perera, BAKS; IUankoon, IMCS
‘Globalization ’ is a phenomenon that describes the accelerated pace at which interaction and expansion in cross-border trade activities, open markets, migration and technology advancement take place in today’s world. Though hardly any institution in the world has been able to escape the effects of globalization, its effects on multidisciplinary consult any firms in Sri Tanka remains a subject little analyzed despite the fact that firms that are global in nature play a dominant role within the domestic construction industry. This research aims at identifying the magnitude of globalization processes on Sri Lankan multi-disciplinary con suit any firms in order to help them withstand the negative effects while upgrading existing practices in order to be more in tune with the demands of the modem world. The principal methodology used in the study is a preliminary survey, followed by a comprehensive questionnaire survey administered to professionals from multi-disciplinary consultancy firms. The study identified both positive and negative effects of globalization on local multi-disciplinary consultancy firms. Based on these results, a framework has been developed to help local multi-disciplinary consultancy firms withstand the negative effects while modifying current practices to sustain themselves in the face of globalization, which would require that they focus continually on innovation and research.
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Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Pre-Tender Estimation of Road Construction in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Britto, AD; Perera, BAKS; Illankoon, IMCS
Within the sphere of construction, the “estimating process'1 is a significant element due to the lack of financial resources available, and out of the branches of estimating, pre-tender cost estimating of road construction projects requires extensive knowledge and expertise. The aim of this research is to assist clients and consultants in improving the predictive ability of the cost estimating of road construction in Sri Lanka. This research hits been conducted through a literature renew of topics related to the cost estimating process, followed by a questionnaire survey. The analyzing of 59 factors conclude that the main factors affecting the accuracy of pre-tender cost estimation of road construction are: accuracy and reliability of cost information, material (prices l availability I supply I quality /imports), clear and detailed drawings and specifications, completeness of cost information, designer’s experience level. “Spearman s Rank Correlation Coefficient ” test was used as a measure of agreement between the three groups of respondents with regard to factors ranking, and it appears that they are generally in strong agreement. Finally, 15 expert interviews were conducted to identify the existing practices of cost estimation of road construction in Sri Lanka. These conclude that the main existing practices are: comparison with past similar projects based on personal experience, established standards ex. HSR (Highway Schedule Rates) and comparison with similar past projects based on documented facts The study recommended that both clients and consultants give more attention to the cost estimating process and to hire qualified technical staff in order to obtain the accurate estimate and to keep computerized historical data of completed projects.
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Factors Contributing Towards Establishing a Positive Safety Culture In Manufacturing Sector
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Dissanayake, DMPP; Fernando, NG
A combination of large scale disasters and hazards has encouraged high risk industries to reduce the potential workplace incidents and accidents with routine tasks and to improve workplace safety. This idea encourages the promotion of a strong safety culture which has attracted much attention across a broad spectrum of industries such as manufacturing shipping nuclear, airports, mining and construction where manufacturing sector has one of the highest and continued incidence of fatal incidents, major injury, and reportable 'over a-day' injuries and high overall numbers. In addition, the manufacturing sector accounts for the second largest number of major i/juries when compare to the services. Therefore, promoting a positive safety culture in manufacturing sector creates an atmosphere in which employees are aware of the risk in their workplace, continually on guard against them, and avoid taking any unsafe actions. Establishing a positive safety culture is affected by many factors such as safety management systems occupied including reporting procedures, communication and feedback systems, auditing processes, attitudes and behaviours, work environment, management commitment, employee involvement and employee performance including training and development, incentives, reward systems etc. Thus, understanding such aspects is crucial to create and nurturing a safety culture that suits the organization and the individuals within it. This paper, therefore., aims to investigate factors which contribute towards establishing a positive safety culture in manufacturing sector. A comprehensive literature review and preliminary study were conducted. Key words such as safety culture, definitions of safety culture, components of safety culture and way to establishing a positive safety culture were used to gather relevant literature. Further, semi structured interviews were carried out with the industrial experts who are in charge of the concerned areas to validate the factors identified from literature renew. Research findings illustrated three key areas to be considered when developing a safety culture namely; organisational environment, individual and behaviour (human), and systems and processes. Each manufacturing organisation needs to consider all of these aspects in developing and strengthening the safety culture that suits the organization and the individuals within it. Also, it was further disclosed that everybody needs to feel that safety is everyone’s responsibility in order to create the safety culture in the organisation. The finding of this research will be a guideline to propose a better working condition so that the safety culture can be created.
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Forging Sustainable Urban Futures for Asian Cities through Urban Waterfront Regeneration: Comparative Studies in Colombo, Bangkok and Singapore
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Malone-Lee, LC; Kiang, HC; Melissa, R; Rahim, A; Hamid, A
Urban waterways and waterfronts have always played an important role in the early development of Asian cities. However; over time, many of them have become polluted, abandoned and derelict. Nonetheless, thy remain relevant to the social, economic and in many instances, political and cultural life of cities. The challenge for planners is not only to revitalize these areas to reclaim their rightful roles and functions in the city, but also to harness their potential positive contribution to a more sustainable future for Asian cities. In this paper, we develop and apply a conceptual framework to analyse and define what constitutes successful and sustainable outcomes of urban waterfront renewal, primarily through the lenses of community participation. Three case studies have been selected for this analysis from the cities of Singapore, Bangkok and Colombo. In examining these cases we asked how economic imperatives can be balanced with social and cultural sensitivity, while addressing critical environmental and infrastructural challenges, as well as the role of the local community in all these aspects. The paper concludes that local community involvement is important to forge a sustainable urban vision while recognizing that this can take many forms.
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Future Directions for Fashion Design Education in Sri Lanka
(2013-12) Senanayake, R
The paper tries to address the key question: ‘what is the role of the fashion designer in the emerging creative economy of Sri Lanka?The answer rests upon the tasks of the Sri Lankan fashion design education and the readiness of the fashion designer qualifies via its training. Data collection was undertaker; through a questionnaire in 2012. The participants were the locally qualified fashion designers who have completed their preliminary fashion design studies between 2004 and 2011. Data analysis was carried to discuss the young fashion designers' educational experience, work experience, personal goals and achievements, and consciousness about the local fashion industry. The research concludes that the fashion business and marketing knowledge, entrepreneurial skills and know global perceptions of fashion design practice are knowledge gaps within the questionnaire participants. If fashion design education adapts to the future directions of the fashion industry. Sri Lanka too can expect much advantage via its practices.
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How Construction Sector Responds to the Economic Recession: Identification of Adverse Effects and Sustainable Responsiveness
(2013-12) Perera, KTPK; Waidyasekara, KGAS
The construction industry is a significant source of income generation to the economy contributing more than 9% of the GDP in Sri Lanka. Thus, the construction industry is concurred a direct positive correlation with the cyclical nature of the economy resulted in a stagnation during the economic recession. In general, practitioners adopt various strategies in response to a recession to realize firm s' continued existence and development. However, the current responsiveness to mitigate adverse effects identified became reactive which only considers the short-termism. Hence, the recession responsiveness must be aligned with the sustainability for a long term proactive implication. Therefore, this research study aims to assess the adverse effects and the sustainable responsiveness during the recession. The research gap was then approached through a questionnaire survey among construction practitioners to gather ordinal data on criticalness of adverse effects and appropriateness of recession responsiveness. Then, the research was concluded by extracting appropriateness of adopting sustainable responsiveness to mitigate adverse effects. The analysis derived cost control strategies have given more sustainable responsiveness supersedes the other strategies. Thus, it is recommended to be aware of the recession rather beware.
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Identification of Evaluating Criteria for Sustainable Visitor Management of National Parks in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Nillegoda, L; Mahanama, PKS; Ranasinghe, TKGP
With the booming of Tourism industry,eco-tourism has been popularized and improved in the world. The places which are practicing eco-tourism attract increasing number of visitors day by day by exceeding their carrying capacity. Therefore, the environment of most of national parks in Sri Lanka adversely affected due to over visitation by local and foreign visitors. Adaptation of mechanism on sustainable visitor management for the national parks in other countries has been addressed this problem. Yet, there is no proper way to manage visitors for National parks in Sri Lanka and most are highly over visited. Sustainable visitor management is dependent on related set of criteria which are varying from country to country. In the Sri Lankan context, suitable criteria for sustainable visitor management are not yet identified. This study is supposed to fill this gap by identifying suitable criteria for sustainable visitor management in national parks in Sri Lanka. Sixty nine criteria were identified through literature review under category of fifteen factors and four attributes such as physical\ environment, tourism demand management and operational capacity management. Sixty two criteria were prioritized based on how frequently thy are used in various literatures and thy were ranked. Multivariate technique was applied to prioritize the above sixty two criteria based on compatibility and usability between each criterion and relevant indicator. The sixty two criteria were short listed up to twenty four criteria considering criteria value more than 1516. These twenty four were applied to evaluate the current visitor management of Yala National Park as it Is the highest over visited national park in Sri Lanka. Evaluation was done considering the perception of the expertise in tourism industry of Sri Lanka. Results indicate that Yala national park has moderate level of sustainable visitor management. And also there an mon criteria have to be taken in to account in order to reduce over visitation of Yala national park while managing its environment in a sustainable manner.
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Industrial Hazardous Waste Management: Avenues for Collaborations
(2013-12) Karunasena, G; Rathnayake, RMNU
As nations industrialized people benefited greatly from the advances in technology but with negative effects of pollution and production of hazardous waste. On the other hand, with growing demand for raw materials for industrial production the non-renewable resources are declining gradually. Disposing of any kind of waste including industrial hazardous wastes is a loss of resource as disposed wastes contain a lot of reusable substance of high value as one industry's hazardous waste could be resource to another industry. This paper aims to present a framework to manage industrial hazardous waste through a collaborative strategy in Sri Tanka. The study was conducted through survey approach and semi structured interviews were carried out to elicit relevant opinions from industry professionals and waste management experts. Content analysis was used to arrive findings of the research. Findings revealed that few collaborative strategies for industrial hazardous waste management are exist while more to implement.
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An Investigation of Integrated Facilities Management Functions in Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Weerasinghe, RPNP; Sandanayake, YG
Facilities Managers often confront with the issues of people•, technology, and processes in the built environment. Therefore, they need to be armed with the new business solutions and technical innovations in order to cater organisational requirements. Integrated Facilities Management (FM) is one such solution in which two or more firms collectively perform FM functions. Although it is a commendable concept, it has given less attention in the recent history. This study, therefore, investigates the applicability of integrated FM concept in the built environments of Sri Tanka. Literature review revealed that the key dimensions which determine the nature of integration are the ownership/management, distance, and core business of organisations. The integration could be either in the form of facility services, utility! infrastructure, and/ or information. Multiple case studies were selected for investigating the concept to the built environments of Sri Tanka. The study is concluded with identifying possible nature of FM integrations in the built environment. The study found that the integration is strong when the firms are at a close proximity, under a same ownership, and in a same core business, whereas integration is weak when the firms are at a long distance, under a different ownership, and in a different core business.
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The Key Factors affecting Design and Structural Technology for the Efficiency of Clay Cooking Pots: Special Reference to Culinary Item “Hattiya”
(2013-12) Ranasinghe, WMND
Water, fire, air; earth and space are the basic natural elements in the planet. The processes of clay ware manufacturing can be described as a result of the above mentioned elements. At the beginning clay was used as a material to create figures and sculptures rather than manufacturing objects. Sri Lanka is famous for the pottery industry from beginning of the civilization and it has a great history. Gradually it was developed as a cottage level industry. 1/ can be identified as a knowledge transferring craft from generation to generation. However, with the passage of time clay culinary items became less popular. It has been found that they have not been paid proper attention and concern about the design. It is not updated to cater the present social context, The main objective of this research is to explore key factors to uplift the culinary product in Sri Tanka. It has been inspired to conduct this research; otherwise it will become a dying traditional craft in Sri Tanka. This research followed the quantitative and qualitative research methods. The required data were collected through an extensive literature survey, case study use of different types of Hatty a and structured questionnaires given to the urban and rural consumers in selected areas. The result of the data analysis reveals that there are five key factors affecting the design and technology of Hattiya. The main findings of this research show that the key factors such as shape and form, texture, value, proportion and balance are needed to be considered when designing and manufacturing clay cooking pots.
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A Model for Evacuation Risk Assessment on Transportation Networks
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Warusavitharana, EJ; Bandara, JMSJ
Cities around the world are vulnerable to many kinds of disasters. Although the disaster risk reduction is widely spoken and attempted, the complex layout of cities makes the risk reduction impossible most of the times. The cannot always reach out the victims during emergencies due to the congested and concentrated network of city systems. This leads to greater vulnerability of cities and the potential increase of casualties as the hazardous consequences. The traditional transportation demand related analyses generally focus on analyzing peak travel demands on weekday morning journey to work and evening journey from work trips and provide solutions for acceptable level of service. However, it is also important to give special consideration on analyzing demand and assessing transportation system capabilities during the special events or circumstances. One of these special circumstances involves emergency evacuation. Modeling the complex spatial interactions between people and the environment that occur during an evacuation is an important need in developing a successful emergency plan. Tsunami is one of the major uncertain disasters which created a severe loss to Sri. Lanka in terms of loss of life, damages to infrastructure, and decline to the economic assets in year 2004. When the Tsunami wanting is given, the road network has to play a crucial role in responding to city's emergency evacuation. Therefore, it is essential to determine the spatial distribution of transportation difficulties and the most critical locations during the Tsunami pre-disaster situation. Hence, the evacuation risk assessment model presented in this research helps the city emergency planners to identify the most critical road segments and nodes that may hinder the efficient evaluation process because of their deficient configuration.
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Model_isi; Developing a Model for Indigenous Knowledge Management
(2013-12) Nawarathne, DJ; Ratnamalala, S
This article presents the initial development of a communication model (Model_isi) as a mean of gathering, presenting and transferring indigenous knowledge in knowledge management. The article first discusses the need for an appropriate complimentary model for indigenous knowledge management which differs from the existing methods and models. Then the paper suggests the newly developed model for indigenous know ledge management which can he implemented as a complementary approach for the existing scientific method. The paper further presents the effectiveness of the developed method in reflecting upon a pilot demonstration carried out on selected indigenous communities of Sri Tanka. Keywords: Indigenous
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People’s Perception of Revitalized Public Spaces: The Case of Independence Square, Colombo, Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Gangabada, LP; Mahanama, PKS; Ranasinghe, G
The increasing tendency of enhancing the quality of public spaces in developing countries, for example by promoting strong visual identity, is a crucial government polity instrument in economic and urban revitalization, while generating threats against the inclusive’ qualities of these public spaces. Concerning that matter this study was designed to fulfill two main objectives: Identify the different community perceptions regarding current public space revitalization actions that are going on in Colombo and to find out how it vary with different social levels in order to discover the social inclusive! exclusive nature of those particular projects selecting Independence Square as the case study. This paper concludes with the following results: The revitalization activities leads to further shrink the limited city space that has been used by the marginal groups while diminishing the Inclusive’ character of the public space and the city. Further, it challenges several current government polity assumptions concerning public space and give clues for urban planners and polity makers about the need of broad definition to the term “community” recognizing the so called marginal or problem groups are also a part of the community
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Political-Geographic Scales of Environmental Injustice: Understanding the Flood-Affected Neighbourhoods on the Banks of the Kelani River in Colombo
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Perera, JKHH; Abenayake, CC
Environmental injustice has become a detrimental reality in urbanizjngdeveloping world. Branding of communities as ‘encroachers’ due to the absence of property rights has caused insecure rights to clean air; safe dunking water and live in a safe environment. This shows that the term property rights' is mis-defined as ;right to life’. The observable small geographic extent of the problem tendsthe decision makers to recognize that as a minor issue at neighborhood pockets but the author’s reading argues such places as icebergs which cover the unseen broader geographic context. This study emphasizes how the negligence of the broader geographic context made many decision makers fail to address the burning issues exists at these vulnerable urban pockets. The research hasbeen built on the empirical evidences of two community groups which reside in frequen flood prone area as well as adjacent to a solid waste disposal site in the banks of Keleni River. This narrates the people’s attempts to obtain their right to life through continuous attempts to cope, survive and adapt to environmental injustice. The revealed complexities of political-geographic boundaries urge to rethink the urban planners' perception of the scale and in that light to offer the duly importance to the issues of environmental injustice of the poor urban settlers.
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Road Traffic Crashes and Road Configuration; A Space Syntax Application
(Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa, 2013-12) Dasanayaka, U; Jayasinghe, A
Transport provides a range of benefits to society in terms of mobility, access and economic growth. However, there are negative impacts of transport, not least in terms of environmental degradation, damage to property, traffic accidents and loss of life. In Sri Lanka, Road Traffic Crashes (RTCs) are responsible for a substantial fraction of morbidity and mortality and are responsible for more years of life loss than most of human diseases. Taking its cues, this paper focuses on RTCs, the reduction of which is an important aim of suitable transport policy worldwide. In this study, the authors have tried to delineate road specific factors that collectively represent the principal cause of three (people, vehicle and road) out of RTCs and which is less concerned in Sri Lankan transport researchers. In that context, the primary objective of this paper is to identify a series of relationships between RTCs and wad pattern focusing road configuration by using space syntax. Road Network Configuration is examined based on four different road configuration parameters that is (i) Choice, (ii.) Connectivity, (Hi.) integration and (iv.) Line length in two levels (Local O'5 Global) using Space Syntax. The RTCs data along the A1 road (from Peliyagoda to Kegalle, Sri Lankan) was collected from the Traffic division of Sri Lanka Police and entered in to Geographic Information System (GIS) database. Then statistical analysis have been conducted to identify the relationship between RTCs and Road Configuration Parameters. The results show notable! noticeable relationship between RTCs and Local level variance of integration values (r — 0.874, p < .01); Connectivity (r — 0.768, p < .01) and Global Level Choice (r = 0.759, p < .01). Further regression analysis indicated that combination those three variables have more than 90% of impact for RTCs. With that notable relationship between RTCs and wad configuration, this study highlights the need for preventive efforts that incorporate wad pattern specific strategies in wad network planning and design to create sustainable built environment rather than focusing only on human factors.