The Effect of pre-vulcanization time and vulcanization temperature on inter-layer adhesion and physical properties of middle and tread layers of solid tire

Abstract

Resilient solid tires are used for industrial vehicles. Three-layer resilient tire composed of heel, middle and tread layers; the integrity of layers is empirical throughout the service life. This thesis investigated inter-layer adhesion capacity between middle and tread layer. The two compounds were pre vulcanized into 6 levels (0%,20%,40%,60%,80%, and 100%) at 100 °C, by changing the Pre-vulcanization time. Primary vulcanized sample was vulcanized secondarily at 150 °C and 170 °C; inter-facial bonding strengths were compared. Increased secondary vulcanization temperature decreased the inter-layer adhesions. Based on adhesion strength, manufacturing limitations and physical properties, the optimum primary vulcanization level selected. To develop acceptable bonding at 0% pre vulcanization of middle layer, the tread layer could pre vulcanized up to 80% at 150 °C secondary vulcanizing temperature and up to 20% at 170 °C. At 20% pre vulcanized middle layer, tread layer could pre vulcanized up to 60% and 20% at secondary vulcanization temperature of 150 °C and 170 °C respectively. At 40% pre vulcanized middle layer, tread layer could pre vulcanized up to 40% at 150 °C secondary temperature; but at secondary temperature of 170 °C, tread layer bonded well only at 0% degree pre vulcanization. In conclusion, 40% of middle and tread layer pre vulcanization levels are suggested as optimum pre vulcanization level at secondary vulcanization temperature of 150 °C, 20% of middle and tread layer pre vulcanization levels was the optimum for secondary vulcanization temperature of 170 °C. Out of two secondary vulcanization temperatures, 170 °C and 20% of middle and tread layer pre vulcanization levels suggested as the optimum pre vulcanization level