Enhancing the application of life cycle assessment in the construction industry:

Abstract

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is identified as a systematic analytical tool used to assess the total environmental burdens related to any product, process, or activity by assessing all upstream flows and all downstream flows throughout the whole value chain. LCA has been applied significantly in developed countries, as a sophisticated assessment method to strengthen the decision-making process in the construction industry. Although LCA applications in the construction sector have been implemented comprehensively in the international arena, it is challenging to discover evidence in the Sri Lankan construction sector as a developing country. Also, the Sri Lankan construction industry has been in the position of highly vulnerable to face environmental degradation as a result of the booming nature of constructions, which drastically increases environmental challenges. Hence, it has become a key requirement for establishing LCA in the Sri Lankan construction industry as a solution to reduce the increasing adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, this study targets to bridge the research gap by solving the research problem of ‘how to establish LCA practice in the construction industry through a Quintuple Helix Innovation approach?’. Literature findings emphasised the twelve (12) number of strengths and opportunities enjoyed by developed countries, which have improved the capacity of LCA applications. Further, literature findings indicate the eleven (11) number of weaknesses and threats faced by developing countries in establishing LCA. The qualitative research approach was adopted and an expert interview survey was used as the research method. Data was collected with the use of the Repertory Grid Interview (RGI) technique, and data collection was limited to twenty (20) expert interviews representing five (05) contenders in the Quintuple Helix Innovation Model. Data was analysed using manual content analysis. The empirical investigation highlighted that ‘ability to identify opportunities for environmental improvements with the use of LCA’ as one of the extremely important strengths identified by all contenders. ‘Positive growth in the country to achieve environmental sustainability’ identified as one of the extremely important opportunities by all contenders. ‘Unavailability of experienced LCA professionals’ identified as one of the weaknesses by all the contenders. ‘Unavailability of accurate LCA data’ categorized as one of the extremely influential threats by all the contenders. Then, individual SWOT analysis was developed for each of the contenders by identifying their respective strengths/opportunities and weaknesses/threats. Further, ‘government intervention by providing financial incentives’ and ‘development of LCA database’ are identified as some of the strategies to overcome the identified weaknesses and threats in establishing LCA for the construction industry. Finally, a Modified Quintuple Helix Innovation Model was developed and it could be employed to motivate all the related contenders to apply LCA as a decision-making tool to assess and mitigate environmental impacts generated by the Sri Lankan construction industry.