Health impacts of prolonged standing among garment industry workers in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional analytical study

Abstract

Prolonged standing is a common occupational exposure in the garment industry and is linked with several adverse health effects among workers. This study aimed to assess the health impacts of prolonged standing among workers in selected garment industries in Sri Lanka. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 garment industry workers using a structured questionnaire. Data on demographic characteristics, standing duration, break patterns, ergonomic support, and work-related factors were collected and analysed using SPSS. The findings highlight the need for improved ergonomic measures, better break scheduling, and worker awareness. The results revealed that 92% of workers were required to stand for prolonged periods, with the majority standing 7–8 hours or more per day, often without adequate breaks. Musculoskeletal discomfort was most prevalent in the heel/sole, knee, and lower back regions. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between standing time and discomfort in the upper back (ρ = 0.171), lower back (ρ = 0.134), knees (ρ = 0.178), and heel/sole (ρ = 0.235). A moderate positive correlation was identified between standing time and mental exhaustion (ρ = 0.342), indicating a substantial psychological impact. Despite these challenges, overall work satisfaction remained high, and only a minority of workers reported health-related leave.