Pitfalls of traffic safety enforcement in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Road traffic accidents continue to be a critical safety issue in Sri Lanka, with human-related errors contributing significantly to injuries and fatalities. This study investigates the behavioural factors that lead to accidents by examining both driver and pedestrian mistakes from a male perspective. A mixed-methods design was adopted, combining field observations with a structured questionnaire administered to 90 male participants from the Ampara and Kalmunai regions. Observed behaviours were quantified using the Relative Importance Index (RII) and evaluated through a risk–impact analysis to determine the likelihood and severity of specific errors. The findings highlight several high-risk behaviours requiring urgent attention. Among male pedestrians, failing to yield outside crosswalks, distracted walking, and disregarding school-zone rules emerged as the most critical mistakes. Male driver-related risks included sudden braking, tailgating, late signalling, and overconfidence in driving skills. Pedestrians also frequently overlooked approaching vehicles while crossing or exited vehicles before they fully stopped. These behaviours collectively create substantial accident risks across urban and suburban settings. The study suggests targeted behavioural interventions, enhanced public awareness, and stricter enforcement of school-zone regulations to reduce preventable accidents and improve transportation safety.