Satellite image band ratio techniques for identifying and visualizing minerals exposure zones in the Kandy district, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Recent scientific studies are anticipating the development of novel, expeditious, and dependable methodologies for mineral exploration. This urgency stems from the extensive exploitation of major valuable mineral deposits in easily accessible areas. Furthermore, contemporary exploration strategies are increasingly directed towards finding deeper deposits and challenging locations, where accessibility is limited [1], [2]. Geophysical methodologies comprise a range of techniques utilized to acquire insights into the subsurface properties of the earth. These methods facilitate the acquisition of data from considerable depths, with verification achieved through borehole core sampling [1]. Additionally, remote sensing data can offer valuable insights such as surface material composition and rock types, particularly in areas where vegetation cover is not comprehensive during the reconnaissance surveys [3]. Remote sensing data, including both multispectral and hyperspectral imagery used for mineral exploration does not serve as a replacement for ground truth data, but rather complements it by providing additional information about the region of interest [1], [2], [4]. The identification of potential mineral deposits is facilitated by the examination of available geological data, which includes observations such as specific mineral occurrences within distinct rock types, the distribution of geological structural features, significant alteration zones, deposits forms with high-temperature zones and hydrothermally altered areas [1], [5]. At a regional scale, various lithological features such as textural characteristics of igneous and sedimentary rocks, structural formations, and vegetation patterns can be detected. These observations provide essential insights into the geological and ecological context of the area, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the region's natural environment. Integrating remote sensing with field observations and advanced geospatial technologies provides a richer and more accurate understanding of landscapes. This holistic approach supports sustainable development by offering a comprehensive view of environmental conditions and human influences, leading to more effective and informed decision-making in land use and resource management.