A Zonal urban design framework for sustainable waterfront development in Sri Lankan cities: the case of Moratuwa

Abstract

Sri Lanka’s urban waterfronts, though rich in ecological and cultural value, remain underutilized and fragmented due to unplanned urbanization, environmental degradation, and limited public access. Moratuwa, despite its strategic coastal and riverine setting, exemplifies this issue with socially disconnected, economically stagnant, and environmentally vulnerable waterfronts. The objective of this research is to develop a Zonal Urban Design Framework that transforms Moratuwa’s waterfronts into sustainable, vibrant, and inclusive urban spaces while creating a replicable model for other Sri Lankan cities. The study employs a qualitative case study approach, combining contextual analysis, land-use mapping, site observations, stakeholder interviews, and secondary data review. A SWOT analysis was conducted to identify opportunities and constraints, followed by zonal mapping to classify character zones. Drawing from global waterfront development approaches and urban design theories, tailored strategies were proposed for each zone, culminating in a comprehensive urban design framework. The research concludes that a zonal, context-sensitive approach offers a viable pathway to sustainable waterfront development. By integrating ecological preservation, community participation, economic revitalization, and inclusive public space design, Moratuwa can be reimagined as a model waterfront city. This framework not only addresses local challenges but also holds replicable potential for waterfront development in other Sri Lankan cities.