Lean construction integrated framework for mixed development projects in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Mixed Development Projects (MDPs) are becoming increasingly popular in Sri Lanka, combining residential, commercial, retail, and hospitality functions within single developments. While these projects contribute to urban and economic growth, they face challenges such as cost overruns, delays, coordination issues, and stakeholder mismanagement. Lean construction, recognised globally for improving efficiency and minimising waste, has seen limited application in Sri Lankan MDPs. This research aimed to develop a Lean construction integrated framework tailored for MDPs in Sri Lanka. A mixed-method approach was used, including a literature review, questionnaire survey of industry professionals, and expert interviews. Data analysis identified key problems in MDP delivery, potential benefits of Lean adoption, barriers to implementation, and strategies to overcome them. Findings revealed that Lean practices can address major issues by improving workflow reliability, reducing waste, enhancing collaboration, and ensuring cost predictability. However, barriers such as lack of awareness, cultural resistance, weak leadership support, and unsupportive contractual frameworks limit its use. Based on these insights, a simple framework was developed, linking Lean tools and strategies to identified problems in MDPs. The framework provides structured guidance for project managers, contractors, consultants, and policymakers. It also highlights the need for pilot projects, professional training, stakeholder collaboration, and government support to drive Lean adoption. Ultimately, the study demonstrates Lean construction’s strong potential to improve MDP delivery in Sri Lanka.