Urban tightness and heritage: spatial optimization in Saigon’s hems

Abstract

Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam stands out as one of the most densely populated cities in Asia with 4,481 inhabitants per square kilometer. Its high population density is a significant characteristic of the city, contributing to its vibrant urban life and dynamic architecture. The spatial tightness of this city has shaped unique ways of living, characterized by both enriching encounters and challenges stemming from the densely populated environment. This research focuses on exploring the spatial dynamics within the Vietnamese hẻm, which are densely populated and culturally rich narrow alleys or lanes often nestled between buildings in the city. Ho Chi Minh City is an urban network of hẻms, forming the backbone of the urban landscape. These hẻms are vital to the city’s identity, hosting approximately 85% of its population. Drawing upon site visits, interviews, and architectural analysis of District 4 in Ho Chi Minh City, the research sheds light on the adaptability and resourcefulness inherent in how its inhabitants have addressed the spatial constraints posed by high population density. By delving into these super-dense urban spaces, the study aims to glean insights into designing for resilience in densely populated urban environments. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how to create inclusive, resilient, and sustainable urban environments amidst the challenges of rapid urbanization prevalent in many Asian countries, while also enhancing our understanding of preserving heritage.