From inertia to integration: evaluating the challenges and enablers of BIM in the infrastructure sectors of Sri Lanka and the Middle East

Abstract

The development of infrastructure using Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Sri Lanka and the Middle East poses its own unique set of challenges, notwithstanding the international recognition that BIM is a game-changing technology in construction. The presence of geographically context-specific technological, organisational, and cultural barriers has hindered consistent BIM implementation. This study was conducted to investigate the challenges and enablers associated with BIM adoption in infrastructure projects across these contexts. The study used a quantitative approach, employing a questionnaire among industry experts comprising engineers, architects, and quantity surveyors involved in the development of BIM infrastructure projects in Sri Lanka and the Middle East region. The collected data were analysed using the descriptive statistical tools, including percentages, weighted average and means, on a 5-point Likert scale to identify critical implementation challenges and enabling factors. The findings revealed that issues such as a lack of qualified professionals, high initial investment, policy gaps, and limited stakeholder awareness were the dominant barriers in both contexts. The study also highlighted key enablers including government mandates, educational initiatives, and improved interoperability through standardised protocols. While the Middle East benefits from structured policies and investment in digital infrastructure, Sri Lanka’s progress is driven by academic initiatives and pilot projects. This research may assist industry professionals in identifying the challenges and improving BIM implementation in the construction landscape.