Extraction and characterization of Sri Lankan water hyacinth fibers

Abstract

Historically, natural fibers like hemp, flax, cotton, and silk were the cornerstones of textile production. However, the Industrial Revolution marked the advent of synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyester, which reshaped the industry. As the global population grew, so did the demand for textiles, but this surge in synthetic fiber production has led to significant environmental issues, including pollution and the depletion of fossil fuels. While synthetic fibers offer durability, natural fibers are increasingly favored for their sustainability and biodegradability. This study focuses on an unconventional natural fiber source, water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes), an invasive aquatic plant. Native to the Amazon Basin and now widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, water hyacinth is notorious for its rapid growth, forming dense mats that disrupt ecosystems, hinder navigation, and clog waterways. Various control methods have been tried, but a more sustainable and economically viable approach involves harnessing the plant’s fibrous content for industrial use. By extracting fibers from water hyacinth, this research aims to transform it from an environmental nuisance into a valuable resource. Through detailed characterization of these fibers extracted from different method, the study aims to assess their properties and potential applications, contributing to more sustainable textile production and offering solutions to both ecological and industrial challenges.