Fabrication of microcapsules with n-octadecane core and melamine-formaldehyde shell for enhanced thermoregulation in textiles

Abstract

Thermal comfort is essential for human performance and survival, particularly for athletes exposed to frequent heat stress. Targeted body cooling, especially at the neck region, has proven effective in lowering core body temperature and enhancing post-exercise recovery. However, conventional methods such as ice or gel packs are limited by vasoconstriction, bulkiness, and impracticality for routine use. This research focuses on developing a thermoregulating textile for neck cooling applications coated with microencapsulated phase change materials (PCM) as a passive, lightweight cooling alternative. The microcapsules are comprised of n-octadecane as the PCM core and a melamine formaldehyde shell to ensure thermal stability and a controlled phase change effect. Octadecane enables effective thermal regulation through latent heat absorption during melting and heat release during solidification. Experimental results demonstrated that coating the fabric with these microcapsules, with diameters ranging from 1 to 1.5 μm, increased its thermal conductivity roughly by 4 times, significantly enhancing heat transfer efficiency and overall cooling performance.