Adaptability of circular economy principles in construction: a case of high-rise residential buildings in Sri Lanka

Abstract

The construction industry significantly contributes to environmental degradation through resource and energy consumption and waste generation. The concept of circular economy (CE) enables addressing the above concerns via its principles. This study assesses the adaptability of CE principles at the construction stage of high-rise residential buildings in Sri Lanka. A qualitative approach was adopted, employing a multiple case study strategy. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with subject matter experts from the three selected buildings, with two experts per case due to a lack of professionals with CE expertise in the local context. Content analysis and cross-case comparisons were conducted. Findings showed CE awareness is emerging in Sri Lanka, but implementation is limited. Amongst the R concepts, ‘Reduce’ is moderately applied through material management and prefabrication. ‘Reuse’ practices are minimal, while ‘recycling’ is constrained by knowledge gaps, energy requirements, and infrastructure limitations. ‘Redesign’ was at a nascent stage, with partial adoption of modular designs, while ‘Reclassification’ was rarely practised due to a focus on short-term material use. ‘Renewability’ demonstrated potential by incorporating design features that facilitate future renewable energy installations. The study highlights the necessity for enhanced awareness, supportive procurement mechanisms, and targeted capacity building to encourage CE integration in Sri Lanka.