Post-conflict landscape restoration of communal spaces for user accessibility in Jaffna City region

Abstract

The Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009) had a profound impact on the Northern Province, particularly on the accessibility of communal spaces. Although post-war developments have revitalised many war-affected areas, the extent to which the landscape quality of these renewed communal spaces influences user accessibility remains unclear. This study investigates how landscape restoration has enhanced accessibility in two key communal spaces: Kankesanthurai (KKS) Beach and the Keerimalai Sacred Water Springs. A comprehensive literature review identified circulation and edge design, amenities and comfort, heritage form, and spatial character as key landscape quality parameters. Correspondingly, perceived ease of access and movement, user diversity, and frequency and patterns of use were selected as user accessibility parameters. Using a mixed-methods approach, data on landscape quality and user accessibility were gathered through observations, measured drawings, structured surveys, interviews, and photographic documentation. Spatial data were analysed through spatial mapping techniques, while user accessibility was examined using movement mapping, demographic analysis, and user behaviour analysis. Overall, the findings indicate that the landscape design quality of post-war communal spaces significantly influences user accessibility. Consequently, more responsive and context-sensitive landscape interventions are essential to ensure that post-war communal spaces are easier, more comfortable, and more inviting for public use.