Comparative analysis of the reconstruction process of Urban facilities in Indonesia based on recovery curves After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Abstract

Aceh in Indonesia was the most seriously damaged area due to 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, where more than 240,000 people were lost or killed. Following the event, Government devised a blueprint of urban recovery master plan, and lots of urban infrastructures related to the projects had been constructed in Aceh as of April 2009. The gap between the plan and reality that has some problems of recovery matter shows future challenge for post-disaster urban recovery and sustainable urban management. The authors conducted field survey in the damaged area to understand the recovery condition and obtained sets of data collected for 47 months since January 2005 by Badan Rehabilitasi dan Redonstruksi NAD-Nias (BRR), a recovery and rehabilitation agency. In this paper, recovery process in Aceh is analyzed using recovery curves for 14 indicators: department of housing (temporary and permanent housing), infrastructure (road, bridge, airport, and seaport), education (school and training of teacher), medical (hospital), economy (farmland, fishery, and enterprise support), cultural affairs (religious facilities) and Institutional development (government office). Then, the difference between the actual process of reconstruction and prepared recovery plans are discussed. In conclusion, the followings are clarified: (1) the progress of recovery of education, medical, and economy was hastened; (2) in other side, housing and infrastructure were delayed compared with other indicators; and (3) temporary housing was the earliest among all. Actually, the commencement of construction was delayed 7.6 months behind the scheduled recovery plan. The authors also discuss the reason of such problem based on its social context.