Strategic decision framework for sustainable retrofitting: decarbonizing small and medium- sized hotels in tropical monsoon climates

Abstract

Retrofitting existing buildings is a critical pathway for decarbonizing the built environment, particularly in the hospitality sector, which is characterized by high energy intensity and resource use. In tropical monsoon climates, small and mediumsized hotels face unique operational and climatic challenges that hinder the adoption of structured sustainability interventions. Hence, this study presents a strategic decision support framework that enables hotel operators to identify and prioritize retrofitting strategies based on environmental, economic, and technical considerations. The framework integrates the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with a Low-Medium-High (LMH) scoring method, evaluating options across six criteria: Annual Emissions Saving, Initial Investment, Maintenance Requirement, Payback Period, Technical Complexity, and Adaptability to Existing Systems. The proposed framework was tested through a real-world case study of a coastal hotel in Sri Lanka. Results revealed that retrofits such as inverter-type air conditioners, cool roofs, and drip irrigation offered high emissions reduction potential with strong feasibility. Feedback from hotel management affirmed the tool’s usability and value for planning and decision-making. The study contributes a replicable, context-sensitive model to support sustainable retrofitting in the hospitality sector, offering practical insights for operators, consultants, and policymakers seeking to align hotel infrastructure with climate goals.