Assessing the socio-economic impact of military bases on the neighboring social context and urban spatial fabric

Abstract

This study examines the socio-economic and urban spatial impacts of military land transformation on neighboring communities in post-conflict Sri Lanka. As military bases have served as strategic hubs for national security, their presence has significantly influenced local livelihoods, disrupted traditional land ownership patterns, and reshaped urban landscapes. The research addresses critical challenges including resettlement, economic displacement, and social integration while seeking to balance national security imperatives with equitable development. Using a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative research, this study analyzes secondary data on local and international military land transformations while employing theoretical frameworks on land use, urban morphology, and planning. Two prominent military installations in Colombo serve as case studies: the Defence Headquarters Complex in Akuregoda and the Welisara Naval Base Complex. Spatial data analysis using GIS maps land use changes over time, supported by census records, land use maps, and reports from relevant authorities. The research investigates how military land acquisition affects urban planning, infrastructure development, and local governance through structured questionnaire surveys targeting affected communities, local residents, military officials, and urban planners. Key findings reveal that while military installations contribute to infrastructure development and economic growth, they also create challenges including housing pressures, environmental impacts, and social disruption. The study proposes several recommendations including integrated planning frameworks, mandatory environmental and social impact assessments, collaborative governance models, sustainable development strategies, and economic integration programs. By recognizing military installations as integral components of the urban ecosystem rather than isolated enclaves, this research demonstrates the potential to transform these spaces into assets that contribute positively to sustainable urban development while respecting national security needs in Sri Lanka's post-conflict context.