Human-centred tool design for domestic cashew cutting: a case study from North Central and North Western Provinces, Sri Lanka

Abstract

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is both an economic crop and a culturally significant ingredient in Sri Lanka, particularly valued in home-cooked dishes. However, traditional household-level cashew processing is in decline due to health risks, time intensity, and ergonomic challenges. This study employed a Human-Centred Design (HCD) approach, guided by IDEO.org (2015), to investigate these challenges and propose context-sensitive design interventions. Data were collected through the Observation, Engagement and Interview, involving 34 purposely selected housewives from Sri Lanka’s North Central and North Western Provinces. Participants were observed and interviewed in their natural environments, supported by tools such as card sorting, empathy mapping, and user journey mapping. Thematic analysis revealed three core barriers: physical strain from manual processing, exposure to hazardous cashew nut shell liquid, and the inadequacy of existing tools. Despite these issues, strong cultural and emotional ties to cashew preparation remain evident. The study concludes with design recommendations for safer, more efficient, and ergonomically improved tools that preserve traditional practices while addressing modern household needs. These findings aim to bridge the gap between tradition and practical usability, ensuring the continued relevance of cashew in domestic lifestyle and the broader Sri Lankan culture.