Development of standardized testing protocols for NNDG use in quality control

Abstract

Ensuring proper compaction in asphalt pavements is critical for their structural integrity and longevity. Traditional methods of measuring pavement density, such as core sampling and Nuclear Density Gauges (NDGs), present limitations including safety risks, regulatory burdens, and operational complexity. This thesis investigates the viability of Non-Nuclear Density Gauges (NNDGs) as a safer, efficient, and environmentally friendly alternative for in- situ density measurements. Through a combination of laboratory calibration and extensive field testing across varied mix types, compaction stages, and environmental conditions, the study evaluates the accuracy, repeatability, and operational reliability of NNDGs compared to NDGs and core samples. Key findings demonstrate that with appropriate calibration and temperature correction factors, NNDGs can produce results with a high correlation to traditional methods. The research develops statistical models to account for temperature and material variability and proposes a comprehensive Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for consistent NNDG deployment in pavement quality control. Finally, the thesis recommends best practices for industry adoption and regulatory integration, positioning NNDGs as a practical tool for enhancing construction quality and safety standards in asphalt paving.