AI as a co-creator in design development: exploring the phenomenology of generative AI in landscape architecture

Abstract

The rapid integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming creative fields, with landscape architecture experiencing a significant shift as AI tools enhance design processes. This study explores the influences of AI as a co-creator in the Design Development Stage (DDS) of landscape architecture, focusing on the phenomenological, human-centered perspectives of using Generative AI. It addresses the gap in understanding how AI impacts design development at the academic level and its effect on ultimate design outcomes, particularly the underexplored human-AI co-creative aspect. The primary objectives were to assess AI’s influence on the DDS and to explore the co-creative role and phenomenology of Generative AI tools. A qualitative, phenomenological approach was employed, involving 30 landscape architecture students across four academic years who completed an experimental design task using AI in a co-creative model. Data was collected through pre-task questionnaires, experimental exercises, and post-task reflections. Findings revealed a strong preference for the human-AI co-creative approach, which significantly enhanced design processes by offering innovative ideas, improving efficiency, and reducing errors. Participants viewed AI as a genuine co-creative partner, preferred over traditional methods, as it expanded creative possibilities and provided valuable decision-making guidance. However, concerns emerged regarding potential reductions in human creativity and over-reliance on AI. Participants emphasized maintaining control over AI-generated outputs to ensure human-centered design thinking. The study concludes that AI’s influence depends on designers’ ability to balance its input with their creativity, highlighting opportunities for innovative, efficient design solutions and challenges for future integration in landscape architecture education and practice.