Cognitive framework for lighting design: perceptions from contemporary Sri Lankan architects.

Abstract

This paper is an investigation of Architects' perceptions of light effects and how they integrate them into the architectural design process. It is an exploration of the position that Architects rarely just illuminate a space; rather, they consciously or subconsciously build a composition using light. Drawing on Skarlatou’s cognitive framework of luminous composition, the research examines the stages at which lighting considerations emerge and how cognitive lighting principles are applied. Through qualitative and interpretive inquiry, the study involved five Colombo-based Architects utilising in-depth, semi-structured interviews and retrospective protocol analysis. The data were analysed using thematic coding to identify patterns in the deployment of lighting principles across different design stages. The findings indicate that Skarlatou’s principles remain relevant within the Sri Lankan context; however, their application is significantly influenced by the tropical climatic environment. The study reveals a consistent temporal sequence in lighting-related decision-making, beginning with abstract and metaphorical intentions, progressing to strategies of light positioning and distribution, and culminating in the detailed resolution of material–light relationships and technical specifications. The results further demonstrate the central role of experiential knowledge, intuition, and mental visualisation in guiding design decisions, with architects relying less on quantitative simulation tools during the early stages of design. This work contributes by demonstrating the significant influence of the tropical climatic context on the cognitive design process and a framework for understanding lighting design thinking.