Extraction and characterization of Sri Lankan water hyacinth fibers

Abstract

Water hyacinth is an invasive aquatic plant with a significant ecological impact, particularly in tropical regions. This study explores the potential of Sri Lankan water hyacinth as a sustainable natural fiber source for textile applications. Fibers were extracted using both mechanical and chemical methods, and their properties were analyzed through morphological, chemical, and mechanical characterizations. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that chemically extracted fibers possess smoother surfaces and fewer impurities. Chemical extraction using a 10 percent sodium hydroxide solution produced fibers with superior tensile strength, elongation, moisture regain, and crystallinity compared to those obtained mechanically. The findings highlight the potential of chemically extracted water hyacinth fibers for use in eco-friendly disposable products such as wipes, absorbent pads, and biodegradable packaging, offering an environmentally sustainable solution while adding value to an otherwise problematic plant species.