Simulation-based study on the MAC layer performance of cellular vehicle to everything (C-V2X) communication

Abstract

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) promise to deliver novel services related to various modes of transportation management, allowing users to have more coordinated and safer road trips. Cellular Vehicle to Everything (C-V2X) is a communication technology which can be integrated into ITS. It is introduced by 3GPP to be implemented as an LTE or 5G technology for the information transfer among vehicles or vehicles and other roadside infras- tructure. Upon implementation of Mode 4 of C-V2X, the communication can be continued without the support of a base station. This study introduces the analysis of delay in C-V2X Mode 4 simulations on the popular simulator NS-3. It also has a comparison of delay and other parameters like Packet Reception Ratio (PRR) with results of a previous analytical model study. The simulation environment is built using available C-V2X related modifica- tions of NS-3. An automation script is developed to run simulations efficiently for a range of different input scenarios of packet generation periods, node counts, Resource Reserva- tion Intervals (RRIs), Resource Re-selection Probabilities (RRPs) and in random static User Equipment (UE) positions. The queuing behavior in transmitting packets is added newly to the simulator with both Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) and Decentralized En- vironmental Notification Messages (DENM) queues, hence the queuing delay is integrated with the results. The obtained PRR and delay variation comply with the analytical model. Furthermore, an analysis is done on the time difference between transmission and reception of a packet in the simulator, without adding the queuing delay, for comparison purposes.