Transforming a waste landfill into a living landscape museum park: using landscape architectural strategies - case of Meethotamulla waste landfill, Sri Lanka

Abstract

This paper investigates the transformation potential of the Meethotamulla waste landfill in Sri Lanka into a “Living Landscape Museum Park” through landscape architectural strategies. Meethotamulla, once one of the largest unsanitary landfills in the country, operated for over three decades before collapsing in April 2017, resulting in significant loss of life and property damage. Post-collapse stabilisation measures by the Urban Development Authority in 2020—such as reshaping, soil capping, and leachate control—improved safety but fell short of international post-closure standards. The site remains unused, environmentally vulnerable, and socially disconnected. Drawing on global precedents (Nanjido Park, South Korea; Ariel Sharon Park, Israel; Freshkills Park, USA; Okhla Landfill, India), this study analyses adaptive design strategies applicable to the Meethotamulla context. A mixed-method approach integrates literature review, precedent analysis, and site-specific research to propose a master plan incorporating ecological restoration, cultural commemoration, public recreation, and environmental education. The design emphasises wetland systems, morphological landform strategies, and native planting to ensure long-term ecological resilience. The project offers one of the first comprehensive landfill-to-park frameworks in Sri Lanka, demonstrating how post-industrial landscapes can be rehabilitated to restore ecological function, reconnect urban communities, and inspire public stewardship.